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Chapter Outline
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  • Prenatal Development
    • Cephalocaudal principle
    • Proximodistal principle

  • Stages of Development
    • Germinal stage (fertilization to 2 weeks)
    • Embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks)
    • Fetal stage (8 weeks to birth)

  • Environmental Influences
    • Nutrition and maternal weight
    • Malnutrition
    • Physical activity and strenuous work
    • Drug intake
    • HIV/AIDS
    • Other Maternal Illnesses
    • Maternal Stress
    • Maternal Age
    • Outside environmental hazards
    • Paternal factors

  • Monitoring Prenatal Development
    • Disparities in prenatal care
    • The need for preconception care








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