After reading Chapter 8, you should be able to:

1. Describe similarities and differences between the personality theories of Erikson and Freud.
2. Write about the importance of the ego in Erikson's theory.
3. Discuss ways in which social and cultural factors influence personality.
4. Compare and contrast Erikson's first four stages of psychological development with Freud's infantile and latency stages.
5. List Erikson's last four stages of psychosocial development, their crises, basic strengths, and core pathologies.
6. Explain Erikson's epigenetic principle.
7. Explain how identity confusion can have positive effects on personality.
8. Discuss Erikson's use of psychohistory as a research method.
9. Describe Erikson's anthropological studies.
10. Describe recent research on Erikson's concepts of identity and generativity.