In finding materials for your speeches, you can draw from three major resources—libraries, the Internet, and field research. To begin the process, develop a specific purpose statement for your speech, and then devise a detailed research plan. Start early and follow your plan systematically.

As you research, it is important to know the limitations of Web searches. Contrary to popular misconceptions, using traditional library resources such as books is sometimes faster and more efficient than searching on the Web, and interviewing experts or reading books and articles sometimes yields high-quality information that you can't find on the Web.

When you search electronically for books, articles, or information on the Web, use keywords. To narrow a search, use multiple keywords or phrases.

Libraries are good resources because they often have material—in books, articles, and reference works—that is unavailable elsewhere. If you need help, talk to a reference librarian, who is a specialist in locating information. If your library doesn't have materials that you need, it might be able to get the items for you from another library through interlibrary loan.

The Internet can be a valuable resource for information and graphics. While most people know how to use search engines such as Google, many people are unaware that subject directories such as Yahoo Directory are sometimes superior because they organize subjects in logical categories that are easy to scrutinize. Other little-known Internet options are online communities and individuals, who can be accessed via discussion forums, expert sites, blogs, and vlogs.

Field research—gathering information first-hand— can yield up-to-date information. You might rely upon your own observations and experiences, or you can interview knowledgeable people on your campus or in your community. To prepare for an interview, do extensive research on the topic and then draw up a list of questions to be asked. Conduct the interview in a relaxed, conversational manner. You also can conduct interviews via e-mail.

To save information, use stick-on slips, index cards, or a computer. On all notes of key ideas, put a subject heading at the top and have only one idea per note. These notes can later be arranged systematically as you organize and outline your material.