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| 1 |  |  The remarkable oral tradition of sub-Saharan Africa was preserved primarily by |
|  | A) | Muslim African scholars. |
|  | B) | professional singers and griots. |
|  | C) | village chiefs and diviners. |
|  | D) | women. |
|  | E) | none of the above |
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| 2 |  |  The story of Sundiata was about |
|  | A) | the heroic deeds of the lion prince in establishing the Mali empire. |
|  | B) | the misery of slaves captured and traded in the Mediterranean basin network. |
|  | C) | the coming of Islam as a dominant faith in sub-Saharan societies. |
|  | D) | the rise of the Swahili city-states. |
|  | E) | none of the above |
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| 3 |  |  Trade and communications networks were slower to penetrate sub-Saharan Africa compared to other regions because |
|  | A) | Africans had little contact with each other. |
|  | B) | Africans did not have any goods that others wanted to trade for. |
|  | C) | there was a language barrier. |
|  | D) | there were formidable geographic barriers to overcome. |
|  | E) | all of the above |
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| 4 |  |  The earliest Bantu migrants were |
|  | A) | aggressive warriors. |
|  | B) | hunting and gathering peoples. |
|  | C) | fishing peoples. |
|  | D) | agriculturalists. |
|  | E) | horsemen. |
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| 5 |  |  The introduction of bananas to Africa |
|  | A) | had little impact |
|  | B) | permitted the Kushite people to dominate sub-Saharan Africa. |
|  | C) | allowed Malay city states to dominate West Africa. |
|  | D) | permitted the Bantu to expand into heavily forested areas. |
|  | E) | all of the above |
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| 6 |  |  Before the tenth century, the dominant form of social organization in sub-Saharan Africa was the |
|  | A) | city-state. |
|  | B) | empire. |
|  | C) | kin-based system. |
|  | D) | kingdom. |
|  | E) | theocracy. |
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| 7 |  |  Which of the following statements typically describes a kin-based society? |
|  | A) | Male heads of families presided over village affairs. |
|  | B) | The most prominent of the family heads acted as chief. |
|  | C) | A group of villages constituted a district. |
|  | D) | Ethnic loyalties were focused at the district level. |
|  | E) | all of the above |
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| 8 |  |  The kingdom of Kongo |
|  | A) | emerged as a powerful state through trading with Muslim merchants of north Africa. |
|  | B) | maintained a royal currency system based on cowry shells from the Indian Ocean. |
|  | C) | was a loosely organized government with little authority over officials. |
|  | D) | was destroyed by the expansion of the Swahili. |
|  | E) | none of the above |
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| 9 |  |  The arrival of camels in Africa |
|  | A) | had little impact. |
|  | B) | quickened the pace of communication across the Sahara. |
|  | C) | replaced elephants as the preferred transport animals throughout the Sahara. |
|  | D) | still made travel across the Saharan impossible. |
|  | E) | is unknown because they have always been there. |
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| 10 |  |  Koumbi-Saleh was to the kingdom of Ghana as |
|  | A) | Mansa Musa was to the Mali empire. |
|  | B) | Niani was to the Mali empire. |
|  | C) | Sundiata was to the Mali empire. |
|  | D) | Zaire was to the Kongo. |
|  | E) | Axum was to the Christians. |
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| 11 |  |  As a result of iron metallurgy and the introduction of bananas, sub-Saharan Africa's population rose dramatically between 400 B.C.E. and 1000 C.E. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 12 |  |  Kin based African village societies developed exceptionally complex written legal codes. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 13 |  |  Growing conflict among Bantu communities resulted in the rise of powerful chiefs who established authority over large territories. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 14 |  |  The kingdom of Kongo collapsed as a result of a massive slave revolt. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 15 |  |  Ghana's economy revolved around the trade in spices. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 16 |  |  The conversion to Islam of rulers of the kingdom of Ghana and the Mali empire |
|  | A) | stimulated commercial relations with Muslim merchants. |
|  | B) | meant that Islamic faith was imposed forcibly on their entire societies. |
|  | C) | facilitated the export of Christian slaves by these two states to other Islamic countries. |
|  | D) | dramatically transformed the role of women in those cultures. |
|  | E) | all of the above |
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| 17 |  |  Swahili |
|  | A) | was an Arabic language. |
|  | B) | refers to the peoples of the east African coast. |
|  | C) | refers to the slave traders of Africa. |
|  | D) | is a dead language. |
|  | E) | was the language of the Mali empire. |
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| 18 |  |  All of the following were Swahili city-states except |
|  | A) | Sofala, Mogadishu. |
|  | B) | Mali, Ife. |
|  | C) | Malindi, Kilwa. |
|  | D) | Zanzibar, Mozambique. |
|  | E) | all of the above are Swahili city-states |
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| 19 |  |  Great Zimbabwe was |
|  | A) | a powerful guild of gold merchants. |
|  | B) | the king of an empire. |
|  | C) | an anti-Islamic organization of Zimbabwe. |
|  | D) | a capital city built of stone. |
|  | E) | none of the above |
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| 20 |  |  According to Ibn Battuta, Mogadishu |
|  | A) | had only hunters, gatherers, and fishers. |
|  | B) | was a large, inland, overland trade city. |
|  | C) | had not yet converted to Islam. |
|  | D) | was hostile to strangers. |
|  | E) | showed him great hospitality. |
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| 21 |  |  In societies of sub-Sahara Africa |
|  | A) | slaves did not exist. |
|  | B) | private ownership of land did not exist. |
|  | C) | gender differentiation did not exist. |
|  | D) | war did not exist. |
|  | E) | currency did not exist. |
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| 22 |  |  After the ninth century, the slave trade became increasingly important in Africa because |
|  | A) | demand for slaves in foreign markets outstripped the supply. |
|  | B) | a population explosion created a ready surplus. |
|  | C) | slaves were needed on the other side of the Atlantic. |
|  | D) | Africans readily sold their children into slavery. |
|  | E) | all of the above |
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| 23 |  |  Unlike many other religions, African religion |
|  | A) | did not concern itself with morality and proper behavior. |
|  | B) | did not concern itself with matters of theology. |
|  | C) | did not concern itself with world order. |
|  | D) | did not worship a creator god. |
|  | E) | did not include religious specialists in society. |
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| 24 |  |  Compared with Islam, Christianity in sub-Saharan Africa was |
|  | A) | largely confined to the region of Ethiopia. |
|  | B) | equally important. |
|  | C) | more true to original Christian theology than African Islam was to original Islamic theology. |
|  | D) | had little to do with merchants or missionaries. |
|  | E) | none of the above |
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| 25 |  |  Upon adopting Islamic faith, African women |
|  | A) | were increasingly confined in their social and economic activities. |
|  | B) | did not experience much change in their social status. |
|  | C) | enjoyed higher honor than before. |
|  | D) | took the veil. |
|  | E) | no longer could talk to men in public. |
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| 26 |  |  Arab armies overran Ghana in the early thirteenth century and incorporated it into the Arab empire. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 27 |  |  Mali was a major participant in the trans-Sahara trade. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 28 |  |  Mansa Musa lent royal support to Christian missionaries in Mali. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 29 |  |  Swahili city states traded goods from the interior of Africa for goods brought by Muslim merchants from Persia, India and China. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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| 30 |  |  The Solomonic dynasty of the kingdom of Axum claimed descent from the Israelite kings David and Solomon. |
|  | A) | True |
|  | B) | False |
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