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| 1 | |
Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans included all of the following except |
| | A) | the search for raw materials and mineral resources. |
| | B) | the search for new lands to settle and cultivate. |
| | C) | population pressures in Europe. |
| | D) | the desire to trade directly with Asian markets. |
| | E) | the urge to extend Christianity beyond Europe. |
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| 2 | |
European sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using |
| | A) | a combination of square and lateen sails. |
| | B) | a sternpost rudder. |
| | C) | a magnetic compass. |
| | D) | an astrolabe. |
| | E) | a sextant. |
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| 3 | |
European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or pole star above the horizon with |
| | A) | a magnetic compass. |
| | B) | a telescope. |
| | C) | an astrolabe or cross staff. |
| | D) | a mechanical clock. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 4 | |
Prince Henry sponsored Portuguese voyages of exploration |
| | A) | through the Bering Straits. |
| | B) | to the Americas. |
| | C) | in the Arctic. |
| | D) | down the west coast of Africa. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 5 | |
The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasco da Gama offered European merchants |
| | A) | a chance to trade with Muslim intermediaries. |
| | B) | a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants. |
| | C) | quicker access to the slave trade of west Africa. |
| | D) | proof that the earth was round. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 6 | |
Christopher Columbus believed that by sailing west 2,500 nautical miles he would |
| | A) | reach the Canary Islands and initiate spice trading with the natives. |
| | B) | find a direct and profitable route to Japan. |
| | C) | discover a new continent and a lost city of gold. |
| | D) | find a quick passage around Africa. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 7 | |
By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean resulted in all of the following except |
| | A) | the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia. |
| | B) | the first complete circumnavigation of the world. |
| | C) | the mapping of Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific. |
| | D) | exploration of the coast of Alaska and the waters of the Arctic Ocean. |
| | E) | European colonization of the Philippines. |
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| 8 | |
Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early in the sixteenth century for all of the following reasons except |
| | A) | the ruthless policies of naval commander Afonso d'Alboquerque. |
| | B) | the Portuguese use of joint stock companies. |
| | C) | the use of heavy artillery to overpower other craft. |
| | D) | the Portuguese control of strategic ports such as Hormuz and Melaka. |
| | E) | the superiority of Portuguese ships to English and Dutch forces. |
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| 9 | |
The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all of the following advantages except |
| | A) | funds to outfit ships and hire crews. |
| | B) | commodities and money for trade. |
| | C) | direct government ownership. |
| | D) | charters that granted them the right to make war. |
| | E) | freedom from political oversight. |
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| 10 | |
Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of |
| | A) | the assistance of China and India. |
| | B) | the lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance. |
| | C) | the unhappiness of many of the Philippine people with Muslim rule. |
| | D) | the desire of the island chiefdoms to enter into a treaty with the Spanish. |
| | E) | the eagerness of many islanders to convert to Christianity. |
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| 11 | |
Vasco da Gama captured Calicut for Portugal. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
By the fourteenth century, upper class Europeans came to see Chinese ginger and Indian pepper as necessities. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
The invention of the sternpost rudder and the magnetic compass by English scientists made European exploration possible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Ferdinand Magellan successfully circumnavigated the globe. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Jan Peterszoon Coen founded Batavia in 1619 for the VOC. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on |
| | A) | establishing settler colonies. |
| | B) | establishing a Dutch Reform mission to counter the Catholic presence in the Philippines. |
| | C) | educating the people of Indonesia. |
| | D) | dominating the spice trade. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 17 | |
Which trading post is incorrectly paired with a European power? |
| | A) | Goa and Portugal. |
| | B) | Manila and Spain. |
| | C) | Hormuz and England. |
| | D) | Batavia and the Netherlands. |
| | E) | Melaka and Portugal. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following was a significant presence in Southeast Asia by the mid-seventeenth century? |
| | A) | Germany |
| | B) | Denmark |
| | C) | the Netherlands |
| | D) | Russia |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 19 | |
As a result of growing commercial competition |
| | A) | France seized control of Portugal in 1632. |
| | B) | England and Sweden fought for control of West Africa. |
| | C) | French forces seized the English trading post at Madras. |
| | D) | the Dutch took control of the Philippines in 1787. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 20 | |
In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of |
| | A) | trade routes to China. |
| | B) | access to the Atlantic. |
| | C) | slaves. |
| | D) | furs. |
| | E) | spices. |
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| 21 | |
In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in |
| | A) | the introduction of infectious diseases. |
| | B) | the staggering loss of indigenous populations. |
| | C) | the introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses. |
| | D) | the introduction of food crops such as wheat. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 22 | |
Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of |
| | A) | the densely populated urban centers. |
| | B) | poor hygiene and contaminated water. |
| | C) | lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity. |
| | D) | lack of access to immunizations. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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| 23 | |
In Eurasia, new American food crops resulted in |
| | A) | overall improvements in diet and nutrition. |
| | B) | population decline in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. |
| | C) | a sharply declining standard of living. |
| | D) | tremendous economic dislocation. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 24 | |
By 1750, all of the following regions were linked by trade and commerce except |
| | A) | Australia. |
| | B) | Brazil. |
| | C) | India. |
| | D) | Indonesia. |
| | E) | South Africa. |
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| 25 | |
Which region is incorrectly paired with a primary trade good? |
| | A) | Brazil and sugar. |
| | B) | South Africa and wheat. |
| | C) | India and cowry shells. |
| | D) | Japan and spices. |
| | E) | all of the above are correctly paired. |
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| 26 | |
The Yakut people welcomed the Russians as liberators. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Chinese merchants lacked the commercial skills and knowledge to compete effectively in the commercial markets of Manila. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
The Dutch encouraged Indonesians to expand the production of spices and encouraged free trade in the islands so as to encourage economic growth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
While epidemic diseases introduced from Europe devastated the peoples of the Americas, they had little impact on the peoples of Oceania. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
James Cook explored the Pacific Ocean for England. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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