| Aesthetics | The philosophical study of art and of value judgments about art and of beauty in general.
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| Appeals to Emotion | Flawed reasoning that tried to establish conclusions solely by attempting to arouse or play on the emotions of the audience.
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| Argument | A series of propositions, one of which is supposedly supported by the others.
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| Argument ad hominem | The mistaken idea that you can successfully challenge any view by criticizing the person whose view it is.
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| Begging the question | The fallacy that involves assuming as a premise the very conclusion that the argument is intended to prove.
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| Black-or-white fallacy | An argument that limits us to two options when in fact more options exist.
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| Conclusion | The proposition you are trying to establish in an argument.
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| Epistemology | The branch of philosophy concerned primarily with the nature and possibility of knowledge.
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| Fallacy | A commonly made mistake in reasoning.
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| Logic | The study of the methods, principles, and criteria of correct reasoning.
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| Metaphysics | The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and fundamental features of being.
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| Moral philosophy (ethics) | The branch of philosophy that considers the nature, criteria, sources, logic, and validity of moral value judgments.
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| Normative ethics | A system of moral value judgments together with their justifications.
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| Normative questions | Many philosophical questions concern norms. These questions ask about the value of something.
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| Philosophy | Comes from two Greek words: philein "to love" and sophia "knowledge" or "wisdom." The Greeks, who invented philosophy, thought of any person who sought knowledge in any area as a philosopher, however philosophy today takes many shapes.
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| Political philosophy | The philosophical study of the state, its justification, and its ethically proper organization.
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| Premises | In an argument, the propositions or reasoning you give for accepting the conclusion of an argument.
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| Red herring | The fallacy of addressing a point other than the one actually at issue.
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| Social philosophy | The philosophical study of society and its institutions; concerned especially with determining the features of the idea or best society.
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| Straw man | The fallacy of trying to refute someone's view by misrepresenting it.
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