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| 1 | |
Soren Kierkegaard believed that metaphysics could demonstrate that the world is fundamentally rational and that human life does have a clear meaning and purpose. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
Arthur Schopenhauer thought that human actions are driven by a blind, purposeless will. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Existentialists believe that most people lead dull, senseless, trivial lives filled with anguish and despair. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Existentialists also believe that philosophy should focus on the big picture, not on individuals and their confrontation with the world. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
For Albert Camus, suicide is a better option than simply rebelling against the absurdity of life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Jean Paul Sartre thought that humans come into existence already with a purpose to their existence and thus a meaning to their lives. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
According to Sartre, humans are both thrown into existence and condemned to freedom. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Edmund Husserl's "phenomenological reduction" attempts to study the stream of conscious experience without making any assumptions at all about the nature or existence of an external, objective world. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
That minds and their ideas are superior to and should thus control any nonmental reality is an idea highly endorsed by Martin Heidegger. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
According to the later Heidegger, we should dwell simply in Being, not in the thingafied world of modern, technical man. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
In Jurgen Habermas' ideal speech situation, only those with knowledge of and respect for the controlling ideology of a society should be allowed to participate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Michel Foucault's study of discourse revealed to him a steady advancement of truth over superstition as time goes by. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
For structuralists like Ferdinand Saussure, the meaning of a sign (signifier) rests in its contrast with other signs that could be, but are not, present. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Deconstruction attempts to find the essential meaning of a text from among the many possible meanings. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
For Jacques Derrida, the meaning of words is not stable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Richard Rorty maintains that, even though each culture has its own constraints on inquiry (standards of rational discourse), there are universal constraints on inquiry that define the objective standpoint for everyone. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
Claude Lévi Strauss abandoned Saussure's methods while conducting his ethnographic research. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Jacques Derrida followed the deconstructive method. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Michael Foucault wrote The History of Sexuality. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Jurgen Habermas' views were considered Marxist. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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