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Principles of Selecting and Mating Farm Animals
Chapter Quiz
1
What term refers to inheritance that is typified by a rather continuous scale of phenotypic expression for a trait, such as the variability in rate of daily gain for pigs?
A)
qualitative
B)
quantitative
2
What is the term given by a statistician to the measured distance between the extremes in phenotypic expression of a trait?
A)
variance
B)
range
C)
selection differential
D)
frequency
E)
genetic drift
3
What term defines how rare or abundant a particular gene is in a population compared with its own allele?
A)
variance
B)
range
C)
selection differential
D)
frequency
E)
genetic drift
4
Which of the following terms is used to define the genetic makeup of an animal?
A)
genotype
B)
phenotype
5
What causes mutations?
A)
genetic drift
B)
cross-breeding
C)
intense inbreeding
D)
environmental influences causing a chemical change in a gene
6
Four factors are known to cause unequal frequencies in a population of animals for genes in a particular allele. Those factors are mixture of populations, genetic drift, mutations, and what fourth factor?
A)
random mating
B)
death caused by random disease occurrence
C)
selection
D)
epistasis
7
What must be done to determine if individuals are heterozygous for a particular trait that is of typical dominant-recessive expression?
A)
blood typing
B)
progeny testing
C)
heritability estimate evaluation
D)
codon evaluation
E)
genetic drift sampling
8
What is "epistasis"?
A)
the term that defines the typical expression of a homozygous recessive gene
B)
an expression of the change caused by a mutated gene
C)
the type of gene action in which one pair of genes may affect the expression of another
D)
the phenotypic summation of additive impacts on a single trait
9
What term might be defined as "the amount that crossbred offspring exceed the average performance of purebred parents for a particular trait"?
A)
epistasis
B)
heterosis
C)
homeostasis
D)
variability
E)
heritability
10
Annual genetic progress for a trait may be measured as selection differential times heritability for the trait divided by what item?
A)
heterosis
B)
percent of variation
C)
standard deviation
D)
range for the trait
E)
length of the generation interval
11
What form of inbreeding is an attempt to concentrate inheritance of one outstanding ancestor?
A)
linebreeding
B)
linecrossing
C)
crossbreeding
D)
outcrossing
E)
rotational breeding
12
Inbreeding effects are generally the opposite of crossing effects.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
13
"Penetrance" of a gene refers to the frequency with which the gene is found in the entire population of a species.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
14
The phenotypic expression of genes is divided into two general types, known as additive and nonadditive. Additive includes dominance and recessiveness.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
15
Heritability estimates indicate the proportion of the total phenotypic variation that is attributable to heredity.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
16
Environmental differences refer to anything affecting phenotype that is not caused by heredity.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
17
For some traits, the interaction between heredity and environment may cause two genotypes to perform quite similarly to each other in one environment and quite differently from each other in another environment.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
18
Genetic drift refers to a change in a gene causing a new possible phenotype.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
19
Polledness is an example of a qualitatitively inherited trait.
A)
TRUE
B)
FALSE
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