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1

The greatest volume of fresh water is stored in
A)surface water
B)ground water
C)glaciers
D)atmosphere
2

The smallest volume of fresh water is stored in
A)the atmosphere
B)glaciers
C)lakes and rivers
D)groundwater
3

The hydrologic cycle involves
A)evaporation
B)runoff
C)precipitation
D)all of the above
4

Lateral erosion by meandering streams occurs
A)on the inside bank of the meander
B)on the outside bank of the meander
C)on the channel bottom where it is deepest
D)all of the above
5

Sand and gravel are transported by streams primarily as
A)dissolved load
B)suspended load
C)bed load
D)all of the above
6

Streams transport chemical pollutants such as nitrates as
A)dissolved load
B)suspended load
C)bed load
D)all of the above
7

The gradient of a stream is
A)steepest near the stream's mouth (lower end)
B)steepest near the stream's head (upper end)
C)the product of velocity times width times depth
D)the volume of water passing a point per unit time
8

Sediment deposited at the mouth of a river forms a(n)
A)delta
B)terrace
C)floodplain
D)alluvial fan
9

Depth of erosion by the lower reach of a stream is limited by
A)flood frequency
B)meander size
C)channel pattern
D)base level
10

In a stream channel, water flow velocity multiplied by channel cross-sectional area is
A)gradient
B)friction
C)suspended load
D)discharge
11

Stream capacity is a measure of the
A)amount of load in transport by the stream
B)largest sediment in transport by the stream
C)gradient of the channel
D)sinuosity of the channel
12

Stream discharge
A)increases downstream
B)decreases downstream
C)varies unpredictably downstream
D)remains constant downstream
13

Meanders migrate or shift their location by
A)downcutting erosion
B)lateral erosion on the inside of meander bends
C)sediment deposition on the inside of meander bends and lateral erosion on the outside
D)all of the above
14

Flood plains result from
A)lateral erosion
B)sediment deposition by floods
C)meander migration
D)all of the above
15

The effect of a new dam and reservoir on a river would be
A)increased erosion upstream of the dam
B)increased erosion downstream of the dam
C)increased deposition downstream of the dam
D)all of the above
16

What is the discharge of a stream where its average velocity is 3 feet per second, its average depth is 20 feet, and its width is 200 feet?
A)1,200 cubic feet per second
B)12,000 cubic feet per second
C)120 cubic feet per second
D)133 cubic feet per second
17

What is the recurrence interval of the 100-year flood?
A)100 times per year
B)100 years
C)1 year
D)100 times in 100 years
18

The equation R = n+1 / m is used to calculate
A)stream discharge
B)stream gradient
C)groundwater flow rate
D)flood recurrence interval
19

Which is not a cause of increased runoff and stream discharge?
A)draining of marshes
B)construction of buildings
C)laying of pavement
D)construction of dams
20

Clear-cutting of forests can result in
A)increased soil erosion
B)increased flooding
C)increased surface runoff
D)all of the above
21

On a stream hydrograph, the time between a period of heavy rainfall and an upstream flood is
A)long
B)short
C)unpredictable
D)cannot be determined from the hydrograph
22

Sediment deposited at the mouth of a stream canyon forms a(n)
A)delta
B)terrace
C)floodplain
D)alluvial fan





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