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Multiple Choice Questions
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1Women are less likely to get certain jobs in sports and sport organizations because being qualified for the jobs is
A)often defined as being able to do them as men have done them.
B)dependent on having a deep knowledge of sports.
C)related to accomplishments and awards received as an athlete.
D)usually related to how one is evaluated by current athletes.


2The authors argue that full gender equity in jobs in sport organizations depends on
A)women developing alliances with powerful men in sports.
B)changing the cultures of sports and sport organizations.
C)women working harder to learn about sports and sport organizations.
D)using new forms of affirmative action programmes.


3Data suggest that opportunities for Black Britons in sports are
A)more scarce in team sports than in individual sports.
B)greater than they are in traditional professions such as medicine and law.
C)generally insignificant for the Black British population as a whole.
D)more plentiful for Black British women than for men.


4There have not been significant increases in the proportions of blacks working at top management levels in sports because
A)talented blacks choose non-sport jobs that pay more than sport jobs.
B)hiring processes for top jobs favor people similar to team owners.
C)white male owners are threatened by qualified blacks.
D)team owners fear a drop in ticket sales if blacks are hired for top jobs.


5The ethnic minorities most likely to be hired for top management positions are those who
A)give priority to their ethnic identities.
B)can ignore the rules and practices in the organizations.
C)have orientations similar to other people in top management.
D)threaten owners with lawsuits.


6After reading the chapter we could conclude that future occupational success and upward mobility would be highest among former elite athletes in
A)golf.
B)track and field.
C)boxing.
D)cycling.


7The two major challenges faced by retiring athletes are reconstructing their identities and
A)finding jobs that didn’t require physical work.
B)recovering from psychological trauma.
C)finding ways to become reinvolved in sports.
D)renegotiating their relationships with family and friends.


8Research indicates that problems are most likely when retirement from sport
A)is forced on an athlete because of injury.
B)comes in connection with changes in an athlete’s life.
C)is related to a general loss of skills that comes with age.
D)forces a person to develop interests outside of sports.


9In his discussion of retirement from competitive sports, the authors note that there is a growing belief that sport organizations should
A)never force an athlete to retire before he or she is mentally ready to retire.
B)assist athletes during their transition into other parts of their lives.
C)set up special teams to enable “senior” athletes to continue competing.
D)hire all former athletes back in some coaching or administrative capacity.


10After reading the chapter on social class and sports, it is clear that in recent years
A)women and ethnic minorities have taken over most sport organizations.
B)affirmative action has changed who obtains top management jobs in sports.
C)white men have retained power and control in sport organizations.
D)government rules have caused white males to lose power in sports.





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