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Multiple Choice Questions
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1The authors use the term “social world” to refer to a
A)special place that people go to enjoy relationships with other people.
B)set of relationships that dominate a person’s life.
C)way of life and mindset that people develop in a particular setting.
D)set of media-generated images that shape how people think and act.


2Loïc Wacquant’s study of the social world of boxers in a Chicago gym indicated that boxing
A)enabled young men to learn violent strategies they could use on the streets.
B)sheltered young men from the destructive influences of the streets.
C)involved so much discipline that most young men dropped out.
D)became a major gang initiation ritual in the neighborhood around the gym.


3Some sociologists now study socialization as a community and cultural process. The research of these sociologists tends to focus on
A)the relationships between athletes and leaders in community politics.
B)sports as sites where people learn stories they use to make sense of their lives.
C)sports as art forms that are crucial entertainment activities in most communities
D)the ways that sports secretly shape character and social life in societies.


4Research on sports and socialization as a community and cultural process is partly inspired by the ideas of Antonio Gramsci. Using Gramsci’s ideas, sociologists see sports as important in connection with socialization because sports are
A)activities that people can do by themselves or with others.
B)shaped by system needs in society.
C)popular forms of excitement and pleasure.
D)forms of physical labour.


5According to an analysis of sports and society based on Gramsci’s ideas, sports are important social phenomena because they are
A)vehicles for creating disagreement and social conflict in society.
B)mechanisms for promoting democracy and the common good in society.
C)activities that distract attention away from issues of ideology.
D)contexts through which ideological messages can be presented to people.


6Many sociologists see sports as important because sports are involved in hegemonic processes in society. Hegemony refers to a social process through which
A)people come to agree with and accept particular ideologies.
B)privileged people in society share their resources and power with others.
C)people identify system needs in a society and work to satisfy those needs.
D)class-based forms of social conflict become disruptive in society.


7When the authors paraphrase Gramsci’s conclusion about hegemony, he says that “it is difficult to fight an enemy that . . .
A)plays sports every day.”
B)has outposts in your head.”
C)works harder than you do.”
D)will do anything to win.”


8Focusing on socialization as a community and cultural process, David Andrews studied the “persona” created in connection with Michael Jordan during the 1990s. He concludes that through media images of Jordan, the “Jordan persona” was
A)used to raise critical questions about race and gender in society.
B)tied to the legacies of colonialism and racism around the world.
C)intentionally detached from African American experiences and culture.
D)cleverly linked with inner-city, minority lifestyles in many societies.


9Popular images ignore disability or represent (dis)abled bodies as different. This creates for people with disabilities
A)the need to have an account for why their bodies are “different.”
B)the illusion that their bodies do not need fixing.
C)a clear preference to play power and performance sports.
D)the freedom to organize their identities around their abilities and skills.


10Ludwig Guttmann, the father of sports for people with disabilities, was labelled as a radical in 1948 because he
A)believed that athletes with disabilities could compete against Olympic athletes.
B)forced people to confront bodies with disabilities.
C)use war veterans with disabilities to argue against war.
D)established a hospital that was called the “Empire of the Normal.”





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