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Multiple Choice Questions
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1Defining and banning performance-enhancing drugs is difficult because
A)people in sports clearly favor the use of drugs by athletes.
B)most athletes take drugs that harm rather than enhance performance.
C)drug companies have approval to test new drugs by giving them to athletes.
D)many substances aren’t clearly classifiable as unfair, unnatural, or artificial.


2The analysis in the text concludes that efforts to control the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports will only be effective if they involve
A)appeals to the personal values of athletes themselves.
B)education programmes emphasizing the dangers of drug use.
C)appeals for “fair play” within sports.
D)a recognition that most use of drugs is a form of deviant overconformity.


3According to the authors, deciding which drugs are true performance aids and which drugs should be banned is often difficult because
A)medical researchers lack the technology to study the drugs that athletes use.
B)athletes often use new substances before scientists have studied them.
C)drug companies outlaw research on performance-enhancing substances.
D)sport organizations have abandoned all efforts to control drug use in sports.


4Statements about the harmful effects of performance-enhancing substances seldom discourage athletes from using those substances because
A)coaches and trainers have sheltered them from knowledge about injuries.
B)many athletes have learned to live with numerous health risks in their sports.
C)most athletes don’t understand information related to medical issues.
D)the negative side effects of the substances are never very serious.


5The challenge of substance use control is great in sports today because of
A)the organization of power and performance sports.
B)extreme sexism and homophobia in all sports.
C)fears of technology among athletes.
D)laws that require self-medication.


6Drug testing in sports is controversial. A major argument against it is that
A)it is illegal to ask athletes for urine samples.
B)testing is not very effective in controlling substance use.
C)genetic variation among athletes makes testing impossible.
D)women have hormones that interfere with the validity of most drug tests.


7A major argument in support of drug testing in sports is that
A)people don’t really have a right to privacy.
B)parents want their children tested for drugs as often as possible.
C)fans will boycott sports unless testing is done.
D)drug testing is a standard part of normal law enforcement.


8The authors say that the best way to begin to control substance use in sports is to
A)allow sport scientists to take control of elite sport programmes.
B)encourage athletes to be more loyal to their sports and their fellow athletes.
C)critically examine and eliminate the hypocrisy involved in elite sports.
D)substitute “psycho-doping” for chemical forms of doping.


9The authors’ recommendations for controlling substance use in sports call for a policy that involves
A)questioning norms and setting limits on conformity in sports.
B)better surveillance and detection procedures.
C)the need for athletes to conform without question to coaches’ rules.
D)the use of sport science to legally improve performance in sports.


10One of the authors’ suggestions for controlling the use of performance-enhancing substances is to replace traditional drug education programmes with
A)blood-testing and DNA-testing programmes.
B)programmes on nutritional supplements.
C)programmes on biofeedback and stress management.
D)deviance and health education programmes.





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