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1In her book on lesbians and homophobia in sports, author Pat Griffin notes that myths about lesbians have a number of consequences in sports. Which of the following is NOT one of those consequences?
A)a sense of loneliness among many lesbians in sports
B)lesbians hiding their identities so they’re not harassed or cut from sports
C)a widespread belief that lesbians can’t play sports as well as heterosexuals
D)the existence of a “don’t ask, don’t tell” atmosphere in women’s sports


2People maintain a strict silence about gay men in sports primarily because
A)there are so few gay men who play sports.
B)gay men don’t want to come out of the closet.
C)men have much to lose if they challenge traditional gender ideology.
D)most men who play sports are latent homosexuals.


3Homophobia in sports often encourages men to
A)form emotionally intimate relationships with other men.
B)identify with lesbian women in sports.
C)be willing to engage in aggression and violence on the field.
D)use the term “fag” as a compliment in the locker room.


4When coaches of men’s teams refer to athletes as “ladies,” “girls,” or “fags” in an effort to motivate or embarrass them, the coaches assume that male athletes are
A)homophobic.
B)secure in their sexuality.
C)sexist.
D)latent homosexuals.


5The authors suggest that there is a need for alternative definitions of masculinity in society because
A)most men are uncomfortable with current definitions.
B)current definitions can be dangerous and socially isolating.
C)sport spectators are demanding changes.
D)sport administrators and coaches are demanding changes.


6The authors suggest that there is a need for alternative definitions of femininity in society because
A)girls and women should be protected by men.
B)girls must be discouraged from being kind and supportive.
C)the natural differences between men and women should be ignored.
D)strong girls and women should be supported.


7In the chapter it is argued that full gender equity depends on developing alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity combined with
A)changing the way many sports are organized and played.
B)altering sports so men and women can compete against each other.
C)increasing the number of women coaches in youth sports programmes.
D)passing new laws.


8Creating new sport programmes for girls and women is one of the recommended strategies for changing the way we do sports. The advantage to this strategy is that new programmes
A)provide new settings for women to learn to be tough competitors.
B)can be organized to challenge traditional gender ideology.
C)effectively exclude men from all positions of responsibility.
D)give women opportunities to dominate other women on and off the field.


9Which of the following is NOT one of the problems associated with creating new sport programmes for women as a gender equity strategy?
A)New sport programmes make it difficult to detect unequal opportunities.
B)New sport programmes run the risk of being perceived as “second class.”
C)New sport programmes are more difficult to promote.
D)New sport programmes would eliminate positive role models for girls.


10Ideological and structural changes in sports can be encouraged by new rules emphasizing safety, new rituals bringing opponents together, and
A)new ways to control athletes who don’t conform to expectations.
B)new ways of talking about sports and sport participants.
C)new opportunities to compete against people from other cultures.
D)new strategies for making women more like men.





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