| psychotherapy | Treatment in which a trained professional-a therapist-uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth.
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| biomedical therapy | Therapy that relies on drugs and other medical procedures to improve psychological functioning.
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| psychodynamic therapy | Therapy that seeks to bring unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where patients may deal with the problems more effectively.
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| psychoanalysis | Freudian psychotherapy in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.
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| transference | The transfer of feelings to a psychoanalyst of love or anger that had been originally directed to a patient's parents or other authority figures.
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| behavioral treatment approaches | Treatment approaches that build on the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behavior are both learned.
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| aversive conditioning | A form of therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing an aversive, unpleasant stimulus with undesired behavior.
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| systematic desensitization | A behavioral technique in which gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety.
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| exposure | A behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly or gradually with a stimulus that they fear.
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| dialectical behavior therapy | A form of treatment in which the focus is on getting people to accept who they are regardless of whether it matches their ideal.
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| cognitive treatment approaches | Treatment approaches that teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves.
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| cognitive-behavioral approach | A treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.
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| rational-emotive behavior therapy | A form of therapy that attempts to restructure a person's belief system into a more realistic, rational, and logical set of views by challenging dysfunctional beliefs that maintain irrational behavior.
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| humanistic therapy | Therapy in which the underlying rationale is that people have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially responsible for solving their own problems.
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| person-centered therapy | Therapy in which the goal is to reach one's potential for self-actualization.
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| interpersonal therapy (IPT) | Short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.
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| group therapy | Therapy in which people meet in a group with a therapist to discuss problems.
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| family therapy | An approach that focuses on the family and its dynamics.
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| spontaneous remission | Recovery without treatment.
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| drug therapy | Control of psychological disorders through the use of drugs.
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| antipsychotic drugs | Drugs that temporarily reduce psychotic symptoms such as agitation, hallucinations, and delusions.
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| antidepressant drugs | Medications that improve a severely depressed patient's mood and feeling of well-being.
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| mood stabilizers | Drugs used to treat mood disorders that prevent manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
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| antianxiety drugs | Medications that improve a severely depressed patient's mood and feeling of well-being.
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| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | A procedure used in the treatment of severe depression in which an electric current of 70-150 volts is briefly administered to a patient's head.
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| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | A depression treatment in which a precise magnetic pulse is directed to a specific area of the brain.
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| psychosurgery | Brain surgery once used to reduce the symptoms of mental disorder but rarely used today.
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| community psychology | A branch of psychology that focuses on the prevention and minimization of psychological disorders in the community.
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| deinstitutionalization | The transfer of former mental patients from institutions to the community.
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