Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 19: Earthquakes

Chapter Tests Practice-English

1
A large ocean wave that is generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake is called a(n) __________.
A)tidal range
B)upwelling current
C)tsunami
D)seiche
2
According to the map, a seismic station in which city would be the first to detect seismic waves from an earthquake occurring in Mexico City?
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A)Chihuahua
B)Acapulco
C)Houston
D)Boulder
3
According to the map, at which latitude and longitude is most likely to experience an earthquake?
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A)30°S, 60°W
B)0°N, 180°W
C)60°N, 120°E
D)0°N, 30°W
4
At what point in the graph would a rock be permanently deformed?

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A)at the elastic limit
B)at the start of the stress
C)at the failure point
D)past the elastic limit
5
How many times larger is a magnitude 3 than a magnitude 1 earthquake on the Richter scale?
A)1/10 times
B)10 times
C)100 000 times
D)100 times
6
What are most earthquakes associated with?
A)divergent plate boundaries
B)mid-ocean ridges
C)rift valleys
D)plate boundaries
7
What are shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquake classifications based on?
A)amplitude of the largest wave
B)the amount of damage
C)the depth of the focus
D)frequency of the largest wave
8
What is a rating for an earthquake from the modified Mercalli scale based on?
A)its P-wave
B)amplitude of the largest wave
C)frequency of the waves
D)amount of damage
9
What is a rating from the Richter scale based on?
A)damage from the largest wave
B)size of the largest wave
C)wavelength of the waves
D)frequency of the waves
10
What is Earth's core composed of?
A)iron and nickel
B)hydrogen and iron
C)nickel and silicon
D)magnesium and silicon
11
What is the crustal part of the lithosphere primarily composed of?
A)igneous rocks
B)simple oxides
C)peridotite
D)iron and nickel
12
What is the probability of earthquake occurrence based on?
A)strain buildup only
B)location of foci
C)reoccurrence rates of earthquakes in an area and the rate of strain buildup
D)magnitude of P-waves
13
What is the study of earthquakes called?
A)cartography
B)sedimentology
C)geology
D)seismology
14
What type of instrument can measure the vibrations of an earthquake?
A)seismograph
B)seismometer
C)GPS
D)sonar
15
Where does an earthquake originate?
A)at Earth's inner core
B)at the P-wave
C)at the epicenter
D)at the focus
16
Which type of fault results in horizontal shortening?
A)reverse
B)shear
C)strike-slip
D)normal
17
Which type of stress pulls a material apart?
A)shear
B)compression
C)tension
D)strain
18
Which wave arrives at a seismic facility first?
A)tidal wave
B)S-wave
C)surface wave
D)P-wave
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