Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 23: The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras

Standardized Test Practice-English

1
A __________ is a repeating sequence of sedimentary facies that record change in sea level.
A)delta
B)glacial till
C)cyclothem
D)clastic wedge
2
Why is the beginning of the Cambrian called the Cambrian explosion?
A)because there were only active margins
B)because there were still a significant number of meteor impacts
C)because of the intense volcanic activity
D)because there was a significant increase in the diversity of life
3
A __________ occurs when sea level rises and the shoreline moves inland.
A)transgression
B)regression
C)orogenic event
D)passive margin
4
What part of Laurentia was above sea level at the end of the Proterozoic?
A)the Taconic Range
B)the passive margin
C)the Great Divide
D)the Transcontinental Arch
5
What type of water conditions are needed for coral reefs to exist?
A)warm, muddy, shallow water
B)warm, clear, shallow water
C)cold, clear, deep water
D)cold, muddy, deep water
6
Which of the deposits shown in the figure indicates an area that has always been a marine environment?
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)all of the above
7
When did plants start to colonize land?
A)Late Ordovician
B)Late Devonian
C)Late Holocene
D)Early Cambrian
8
What type of economic deposit can be the indirect result of calcium carbonate reefs?
A)oil and gold
B)gypsum and halite
C)pyrite and gypsum
D)halite and fossils
9
In what tectonic event did Avalonia collide with Laurasia?
A)Caledonian Orogeny
B)Larimide Orogeny
C)Acadian Orogeny
D)Taconic Orogeny
10
What is an organic reef?
A)a large pile of fish bones primarily deposited during the Devonian
B)a mass extinction event
C)an assemblage of the Paleozoic fauna
D)a structure made of the calcium carbonate skeletons from once-living organisms
11
What kind of margins was Laurentia surrounded by during the Cambrian Period?
A)active margins
B)passive margins
C)transform margins
D)orogenic margins
12
Which fossil shown in the figure would be most likely found in shale deposits?
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A)Bolivia marginata multicostata
B)Valvulineri californica
C)Hanzawaia boueana
D)Bolivina granti
13
What type of deposits formed behind the Great Permian Reef?
A)conglomerates
B)cyclothems
C)evaporites
D)coal
14
What supercontinent is shown in the figure?
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A)Pangaea
B)Gondwana
C)Laurentia
D)Rodinia
15
A __________ is a distinct set of sediments that are eroded from major mountains chains.
A)symmetrical ripple
B)meandering deposit
C)cut bank
D)clastic wedge
16
What is one possible reason for the mass extinction during the late Devonian?
A)sea-level rise
B)global warming
C)tectonics
D)global cooling
17
According to the figure, fossils found on the east coast of South America would be similar to fossils found where?
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A)the east coast of Africa
B)Australia
C)the west coast of Africa
D)the west coast of South America
18
What type of marine organisms became dominate during the Mississippian?
A)crinoids
B)fish
C)trilobites
D)brachiopods
19
What type of deposit is the Pennsylvanian Period known for?
A)conglomerate
B)coal
C)shale
D)copper
20
What characteristic of dinosaurs distinguishes them from other reptiles?
A)Most reptiles lived in the oceans during the Mesozoic.
B)the large range of sizes of dinosaurs
C)the upright posture of dinosaurs
D)Dinosaurs were herbivores and carnivores.
21
What did all ornithischian dinosaurs have in common?
A)They were bipedal.
B)They were carnivores.
C)They were large.
D)All were herbivores.
22
What is a pterosaur?
A)a swimming reptile that resembles a modern dolphin
B)a flying reptile that had light, hollow bones like modern birds
C)a modern-day turtle that evolved in the Mesozic Era
D)a mammal that lived in the Mesozoic grasslands
23
Which new plant evolved during the Cretaceous and dominated the terrestrial landscape?
A)angiosperms
B)conifers
C)cycads
D)grasses
24
According to the tables, which is the oldest organism?
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A)Aeger
B)Crateraster
C)Cypridea
D)Pleurotomaria
25
According to the map, which area was least likely to feel the effect of glaciation during the most recent Ice Ages?
A)Texas
B)the Northeast
C)Canada
D)the Great Lakes region
26
The Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are the result of __________.
A)extensional forces that caused the Basin and Range Province
B)two contintental plates that collided
C)a continental plate that moved over the East Pacific Rise
D)an oceanic plate that was subducted under a continental plate
27
Hominids and hominoids are primates. What characteristic defines the difference between the two?
A)Hominids are bipedal
B)Hominoids have greater manual dexterity
C)Hominids have smaller brains
D)Hominoids have smaller canine teeth
28
What type of flowering plant appeared during the Eocene?
A)cycads
B)conifers
C)grasses
D)angiosperms
29
What type of mammal is defined by the development of specialized traits including a grasping hand, stereoscopic vision, and a large brain?
A)horses
B)primates
C)hominids
D)giant ground sloths
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