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| 1 | |
If a behaviourist researcher assumes thinking is irrelevant to understanding behaviour, and ignores evidence that might contradict this view, the researcher |
| | A) | is showing a form of cognitive pathology. |
| | B) | has a preference for parsimony. |
| | C) | favours social constructionism. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 2 | |
Logical empiricism asserts that |
| | A) | theories may be evaluated by examining how well they account for observed data. |
| | B) | theories can be tested by whether or not they are logically consistent. |
| | C) | subjective forms of observation are invalid. |
| | D) | theories are evaluated by social processes rather than available evidence. |
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| 3 | |
If the five approaches to psychology function like paradigms, then one would expect that |
| | A) | approaches are accepted or rejected based on the current evidence. |
| | B) | one approach will eventually replace all the others, when we gather enough evidence. |
| | C) | the popularity of approaches is more dependent on social processes than evidence. |
| | D) | the differences among the approaches will eventually disappear. |
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| 4 | |
The shift from psychodynamic to biological treatments for many forms of abnormal behaviour is primarily the result of |
| | A) | behaviourists rejecting the focus on unconscious processes. |
| | B) | the development of new medications. |
| | C) | a loss of popularity for psychoanalysis after Freud died. |
| | D) | evidence that psychodynamic treatment doesn't work. |
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| 5 | |
In order to address concerns about demand characteristics, Martin Orne suggested that |
| | A) | one should never do experiments. |
| | B) | researchers should extensively debrief participants. |
| | C) | naturalistic observation is better than doing field experiments. |
| | D) | the only reliable experiment is one that produces an unexpected outcome. |
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| 6 | |
The 'butterfly effect' in chaos theory implies that |
| | A) | a small change in initial conditions can trigger large changes in outcomes. |
| | B) | the lack of consistency in controlling a situation results in distracting participants. |
| | C) | the complexity of behaviour makes prediction impossible. |
| | D) | changes in feedback processes can change the way people behave. |
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| 7 | |
According to systems theory, the role of negative feedback is to |
| | A) | keep a system stable. |
| | B) | promote a change in response by a system. |
| | C) | discourage repetition of a particular response. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 8 | |
Chaos theory and systems theory challenge traditional methods in psychology because |
| | A) | they demonstrate that subjective evidence is actually more accurate than objective data. |
| | B) | they suggest that prediction is not a realistic criterion for understanding behaviour. |
| | C) | they suggest that no theory can ever be proven false. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 9 | |
The most appropriate way to think about the influence of culture on behaviour is to |
| | A) | assume that culture is superficial, and doesn't change basic human nature. |
| | B) | treat culture as another research variable, like age or gender. |
| | C) | consider culture as the context in which behaviour occurs. |
| | D) | use double-blind designs, so researchers won't be biased. |
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| 10 | |
If Prof. Harrison believes in reductionism, he likely believes that |
| | A) | eventually, all the psychological approaches will be merged into the biological. |
| | B) | psychological theories must constantly be simplified to reduce the number of variables. |
| | C) | cultural influences should only be considered when behaviour can't be otherwise explained. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 11 | |
The linking of the biological and cognitive approaches is called |
| | A) | biological thinking. |
| | B) | cognitive neuroscience. |
| | C) | cognitive psychodynamics. |
| | D) | physiological psychology. |
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| 12 | |
An advantage of pluralism is that |
| | A) | more data can be collected on a variety of issues. |
| | B) | there is less risk of demand characteristics. |
| | C) | polarisation is unlikely to occur. |
| | D) | it sets manageable limits on the domain to be studied. |
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