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| 1 | |
The Humanistic Approach assumes that |
| | A) | the individual cannot explain his/her own behaviour. |
| | B) | behaviour must be understood in terms of the individual’s subjective experience. |
| | C) | the phenomenological perspective is unnecessary in understanding behaviour. |
| | D) | the individual’s behaviour is not affected by environmental events. |
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| 2 | |
According to Carl Rogers, the basic motive that directs the lives of human beings is |
| | A) | the phenomenological tendency. |
| | B) | the actualising tendency. |
| | C) | the survival instinct. |
| | D) | the self tendency. |
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| 3 | |
Rogers believed that the self |
| | A) | reflects who we are at a given moment. |
| | B) | is a fluid, changing entity. |
| | C) | is influenced by our past experiences, our present situation, and our expectations for the future. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 4 | |
Rogers would say that incongruence develops when |
| | A) | an individual is too self-critical. |
| | B) | an individual receives too much conditional positive regard. |
| | C) | parents emphasise obligations rather than desires. |
| | D) | higher needs are not met. |
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| 5 | |
Denis knows that his parents have their hearts set on his becoming a lawyer. So, he tries hard to do just that, even though he is not very interested in the law. Rogers would say that Denis is showing |
| | A) | positive regard. |
| | B) | introjection of values. |
| | C) | introjection of values. |
| | D) | congruence. |
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| 6 | |
Carl Rogers believes that growth occurs when the following conditions are present: |
| | A) | empathy, unconditional positive regard, reduction of conflict. |
| | B) | empathy, unconditional positive regard, openness. |
| | C) | unconditional positive regard, openness, self-actualisation. |
| | D) | unconditional positive regard, openness, reduction of conflict. |
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| 7 | |
Carl Rogers sees aggression as |
| | A) | an innate drive. |
| | B) | a learned, but natural, response. |
| | C) | a result of unhealthy growth. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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| 8 | |
If Mary is a fully functioning person, Rogers would expect that she would show all of the following characteristics except |
| | A) | congruence. |
| | B) | spontaneity. |
| | C) | enthusiasm. |
| | D) | introjected values. |
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| 9 | |
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the idea that |
| | A) | many drives are learned through observation. |
| | B) | perceived needs are a function of self-concept. |
| | C) | some needs are more basic than others. |
| | D) | most needs are a reaction to unconscious anxiety. |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is a metaneed, according to Abraham Maslow? |
| | A) | Esteem |
| | B) | Belongingness |
| | C) | Self-actualisation |
| | D) | Safety |
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| 11 | |
Kishia has a loving family who value and respect her, and a well-paying, interesting and secure job. But she still feels unsatisfied. Maslow would say that |
| | A) | Kishia's safety needs are not fulfilled. |
| | B) | Kishia is being neurotic. |
| | C) | Kishia's job is probably not the one she wants. |
| | D) | Kishia is concerned with a desire to self-actualise. |
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| 12 | |
Alex was a neglected child who never felt loved. Today, as an adult, he never says no to any request from a friend, no matter how unreasonable, and he often ruins relationships by ’testing’ the other person's love for him. Maslow would say that Alex is |
| | A) | trying to fulfil his safety needs. |
| | B) | compensating for his previously unfulfilled metaneeds. |
| | C) | self-actualising. |
| | D) | showing a pathological focus on love and belongingness. |
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| 13 | |
One of the obstacles we encounter in personal growth, says Maslow, is that |
| | A) | we are unaware of the unconscious elements of our minds. |
| | B) | the reinforcement contingencies in our lives are limited. |
| | C) | cultural conditioning makes us pay more attention to lower needs than to higher needs. |
| | D) | we rarely experience periods of true congruence with other human beings. |
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| 14 | |
As compared to a peak experience, Maslow said that a plateau experience |
| | A) | is longer-lasting but less intense. |
| | B) | is more likely to occur before self-actualisation. |
| | C) | is triggered by fulfilling one’s metaneeds. |
| | D) | is none of the above. |
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| 15 | |
Viktor Frankl believes that the primary motivational force in human beings is |
| | A) | the reduction of conflict. |
| | B) | the striving for self-actualisation. |
| | C) | the striving to find meaning in one's life. |
| | D) | the pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. |
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| 16 | |
Kevin feels depressed, that his life has no meaning, no purpose, and it really doesn’t matter whether he lives or dies. Frankl would say that Kevin may be suffering from |
| | A) | neurotic anxiety. |
| | B) | a noögenic neurosis. |
| | C) | bipolar disorder. |
| | D) | incongruence. |
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| 17 | |
According to Frankl, a meaning to life can be found through |
| | A) | achievement. |
| | B) | a transcendent experience, such as love. |
| | C) | one's attitude toward unavoidable suffering. |
| | D) | any of the above. |
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| 18 | |
Positive psychology focuses on concepts like flow, which refers to |
| | A) | being spontaneous. |
| | B) | a lack of hesitation in making decisions. |
| | C) | a subjective sense of well-being while engaged in activity. |
| | D) | the degree to which needs are being met. |
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| 19 | |
Coaching psychology is linked to positive psychology through |
| | A) | their emphasis on improving the individual's functioning. |
| | B) | their concern with providing empirical data to substantiate their claims. |
| | C) | their focus on identifying reinforcement contingencies in people's lives. |
| | D) | their stress on achieving both a healthy mind and a healthy body. |
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| 20 | |
Philosophically, coaching assumes that |
| | A) | people are often driven by needs they do not understand and derive from the unconscious. |
| | B) | people are intrinsically motivated toward creative, fulfilling, and optimal ways of living. |
| | C) | people act in self-defeating ways because of their inability to overcome their basic nature. |
| | D) | people want to be guided and directed to whatever life style will work best for them. |
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