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Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach, Fifth Edition Book Cover

Research Design and Methods: A Process Approach, 5/e

Kenneth S. Bordens, Indiana University/Purdue University - Fort Wayne
Bruce Barrington Abbott, Indiana University/Purdue University

Using Nonexperimental Research

Chapter Outline

Conducting Observational Research
       Developing Behavioral Categories
       Quantifying Behavior in an Observational Study
               Frequency Method
               Duration Method
               Intervals Method
       Recording Single Events or Behavior Sequences
       Coping with Complexity
               Time Sampling
               Individual Sampling
               Event Sampling
               Recording
       Establishing the Reliability of Your Observations
               Percent Agreement
               Cohen's Kappa
               Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation
               Dealing with Data From Multiple Observers
       Sources of Bias in Observational Research
Qualitative Approaches
Naturalistic Observation
       Making Unobtrusive Observations
Ethnography
       Observing as a Participant or Nonparticipant
       Gaining Access to a Field Setting
       Gaining Entry Into the Group
       Becoming Invisible
       Making Observations and Recording Data
       Analyzing Ethnographic Data
       Born to Be Wild: An Example of Ethnography
               Evaluation of the Ethnography of the HDSC
Sociometry
       An Example of Sociometry
The Case History
Archival Research
Content Analysis
       Defining Characteristics of Content Analysis
       Performing Content Analysis
       Limitations of Content Analysis
       Content Analysis:   An Example
Meta-analysis:   A Tool for Comparing Results Across Studies
       Step 1:   Identifying Relevant Variables
       Step 2:   Locating Relevant Research to Review
       Step 3:   Doing the Meta-Analysis

       Drawbacks to Meta-Analysis
               Assessing the Quality of the Research Reviewed
               Combining and Comparing Studies Using Different Methods
               Practical Problems
               Do the Results of Meta-Analysis Differ from Those of Traditional Reviews?
Summary
Key Terms

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