| Animalia | a class of living things that includes all organisms that are heterotrophs (they eat other organisms to obtain energy)
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| connective tissue | tissues responsible for the internal cohesion of the body
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| cranium | set of bones encircling the brain and making up the skull, exclusive of the jaw
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| dental formula | one quarter of the full complement of teeth, counted from the centerline of the mouth back toward the throat
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| derived trait | characteristic found only in one descendant branch and not in the ancestral form
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| endocrine glands | tissues that secrete hormones
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| epithelial tissue | tissues that cover the surfaces of our bodies
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| foramen magnum | opening on the bottom of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
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| Homo sapiens | the genus and species names for modern humans
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| hormones | chemical agents produced in the endocrine glands that cause specific effects on target cells
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| Mammalia | an order of animals characterized by traits that include, among others, effective internal temperature generation and regulation (including the presence of hair for warmth) and mammary glands (which provide milk to suckle young)
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| mammary glands | glands in female mammals that produce a high-fat nutrient, milk, for the offspring
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| morphology | the internal and external form and structure of an organism
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| neurons | nerve cells
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| os coxae | two sets of three bones each that are fused to the sacrum and make up the pelvic girdle
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| phenotype | observable, measurable characteristics of an organism
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| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
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| placentals | mammals that have a placenta (the organ that links the circulatory systems of the fetus and mother in the uterus during gestation)
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| primitive trait | characteristic found in an ancestor and all (or most) of its descendants
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| red blood cells (erythrocytes) | a major component of blood, functioning primarily to transport oxygen
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| shared derived trait | characteristic found in more than one, but not all, descendant forms and not in the common ancestor
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| Simiiformes | the infraorder of primates to which humans belong (also called anthropoid primates)
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| vertebral column | bony protection for the spinal cord consisting of vertebrae
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| white blood cells (leukocytes) | a major component of blood, functioning primarily as part of the immune system
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