| allopatric speciation | mode of speciation that involves a separation and isolation of population of the parent species
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| assortative mating | mate selection based on similarity (positive assortative) or differences (negative assortative) in traits
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| biological species | population of individuals that interbreed
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| bottleneck | dramatic reduction in the size of a population such that the genetic diversity in the population is substantially curtailed
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| convergent evolution | type of evolutionary process whereby species come to share phenotypi characteristics due to similar environmental pressures
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| exaptation | trait that is currently serving a function other than that for which it originally arose
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| founder effect | evolutionary process in which a small group of individuals account for all of the genetic variation in a large population
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| gene flow | movement of alleles within and between populations
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| genetic drift | random changes in allele frequencies across generations
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| inbreeding | mating among close genetic relatives
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| migration | movement of alleles in and out of populations
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| mutation | changes to the nucleotide sequence in the DNA
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| nonrandom mating | pattern of mating in which individuals mate preferentially with certain others
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| paleospecies | species defined on the basis of fossil evidence
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| parallel evolution | type of evolutionary process whereby species come to share phenotypic characteristics due to recent common ancestry
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| phyletic gradualism | slow accumulation of small changes in populations such that over time enough change has occurred to result in a speciation event
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| population | cluster of individuals of the same species who share a common geographical area and find their mates more often in their own cluster than in others
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| punctuated equilibrium | rapid biological changes in organisms followed by long, relatively static periods during which little biological change occurs
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| speciation | the process by which new species arise
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