| affiliative | bond enhancing or prosocial ("friendly")
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| agonistic | aggressive or combative ("unfriendly")
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| altruism | acting in a way that has a net loss of energy to the actor and a net benefit in energy to the receiver
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| anthropoids | all monkeys, apes, and humans
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| behavioral ecology | the study of behavior from ecological and evolutionary perspectives
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| Ceboidea | primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in the Americas
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| Cercopithecoidea | primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in Africa and Asia
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| comparative primatology | the study of our closest living relatives, the primates, for the purpose of understanding aspects of our own behavior
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| dominance | set of relationships that results in different relative abilities to acquire desired resources
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| estrus | behavioral and physiological sexual receptivity
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| foraging | the act of seeking and processing food
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| Haplorrhini | primate suborder that includes the Tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans
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| home range | area used by a primate group or community
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| hominin | the division (called a tribe) in the superfamily Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors
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| hominoid | member of the superfamily Hominoidea
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| infant dependency period | period during which the infant is wholly reliant on others for nutrition, movement, thermoregulation, and protection
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| kin selection | behavioral favoring of one's close genetic relatives
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| performance | the actual expression of a trait or behavior
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| philopatric | staying in one's natal group
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| phylogenetic constraints | limits on current behavior or traits due to patterns and trends in an organism's evolutionary past
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| potential | the spectrum of possible expression created by morphology, evolutionary history, and other aspects of a genotype
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| sociosexual behavior | nonreproductive sexual behavior that serves to resolve conflicts and/or reinforce alliances and coalitions
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| spandrels | by-products of structural change
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| strategy | set of behavior patterns that has become prominent in a population as a result of natural selection
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| Strepsirrhini | primate suborder that includes the Lemurs, Lorises, and Galagos (the prosimians)
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