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1 | |
The most important socially defined position a person occupies in society is known as:
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| | A) | identity.
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| | B) | role.
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| | C) | ethnicity.
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| | D) | master status.
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2 | |
The notion that males are superior to females is known as:
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| | A) | androcentrism.
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| | B) | oppression.
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| | C) | ideology.
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| | D) | privilege.
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3 | |
The material advantages or disadvantages that a particular member of a social category can expect to receive based on her or his status are known as:
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| | A) | privileges.
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| | B) | resources.
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| | C) | life chances.
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| | D) | cultural capital.
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4 | |
According to Bordieu and Paseron, the social assets that include beliefs, values, attitudes, and competencies in language and customs are referred to as:
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| | A) | life chances.
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| | B) | cultural capital.
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| | C) | privileges.
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| | D) | hidden curricula.
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5 | |
The term ____________ refers to the transmission of cultural values and attitudes through implied demands found in rules, routines, and regulations of schools.
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| | A) | education
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| | B) | ideology
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| | C) | hidden curriculum
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| | D) | cultural transmission
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6 | |
The passing of culture from one generation to the next is known as:
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| | A) | social control.
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| | B) | the hidden curriculum.
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| | C) | ideology.
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| | D) | cultural transmission.
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7 | |
According to Philip Smith, words that are associated with women often take on negative meanings. This is an example of:
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| | A) | androcentrism.
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| | B) | semantic derogation.
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| | C) | institutionalized sexism.
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| | D) | ideology.
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8 | |
The regulation of human behavior in any social group is known as:
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| | A) | social control.
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| | B) | oppression.
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| | C) | institutional discrimination.
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| | D) | social stratification.
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9 | |
According to Bonnie Thornton Dill in Reading 17 ("Our Mothers' Grief"), between the end of the eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth century, what is now referred to as the "modern American family" developed. This resulted in: |
| | A) | separate spheres of work for women and men. |
| | B) | increases in class differentiation. |
| | C) | changes in the content of women's lives. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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10 | |
According to Lillian Rubin in Reading 18 ("Families on the Fault Line"), the crises that working-class families face could be resolved by which of the following?
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| | A) | affordable childcare
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| | B) | flexible work schedules
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| | C) | tax-breaks
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| | D) | all of the above
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11 | |
According to Scott Coltrane in Reading 19 ("Stability and Change in Chicano Men's Family Lives"), what factor(s) determine(s) the division of labor in Chicano families?
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| | A) | occupational status
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| | B) | failed career aspirations
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| | C) | the money each spouse earns
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| | D) | all of the above
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12 | |
In Reading 21 ("Savage Inequalities"), which of the following does Jonathan Kozol list as (an) example(s) of present structural factors that lead to inequality for African Americans?
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| | A) | the location of highways
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| | B) | residential segregation
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| | C) | housing projects
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| | D) | all of the above
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13 | |
According to Cookson and Persell in Reading 22 ("Preparing for Power"), boarding schools perpetuate the culture of the elite. Which of the following is NOT an example of how they do this?
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| | A) | playing squash
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| | B) | reading Chaucer
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| | C) | participating in community service
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| | D) | traveling
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14 | |
In Reading 24 ("Missing in Interaction"), Sadker and Sadker list the types of responses that teachers typically give students. Which of the following is NOT an example of these responses?
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| | A) | praise
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| | B) | reward
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| | C) | criticism
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| | D) | acceptance
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15 | |
According to Sadker and Sadker in Reading 24 ("Missing in Interaction"), which is the one area where girls are recognized more than boys by their teachers?
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| | A) | appearance
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| | B) | performance
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| | C) | intelligence
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| | D) | punctuality
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16 | |
According to William Julius Wilson in Reading 25 ("Jobless Ghettos"), the declining involvement or lack of attachment to the formal labor market is known as:
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| | A) | joblessness.
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| | B) | unemployment.
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| | C) | the disappearance of work.
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| | D) | poverty.
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17 | |
According to William Julius Wilson in Reading 25 ("Jobless Ghettos"), the reduction of employment in inner-city neighborhoods is related to:
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| | A) | the decline in fortunes of lower-skilled workers.
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| | B) | changes in the demographic composition of the neighborhoods.
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| | C) | lack of stability.
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| | D) | all of the above.
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18 | |
According to Kirschenman and Neckerman in Reading 26 ("'We'd Love to Hire Them, But...'"), the practice of viewing membership in a group as indicating a person's productivity is known as:
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| | A) | pure discrimination.
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| | B) | statistical discrimination.
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| | C) | proxy discrimination.
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| | D) | none of the above.
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19 | |
According to research discussed by Christine Williams in Reading 27 ("The Glass Escalator"), _______ percent of men or women would have to change major occupational categories in order for there to be equal representation of men and women in all jobs.
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| | A) | 10
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| | B) | 15
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| | C) | 25
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| | D) | 40
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20 | |
According to Alejandro Reuss in Reading 28 ("Cause of Death: Inequality"), in addition to access to health care, which of the following result(s) in health inequalities in the United States?
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| | A) | environmental hazards
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| | B) | occupational hazards
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| | C) | smoking
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| | D) | all of the above
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21 | |
According to Albelda and Tilly in Reading 29 ("It's a Family Affair"), welfare accounts for _______ percent of the federal budget.
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| | A) | 1
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| | B) | 5
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| | C) | 10
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| | D) | 15
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22 | |
Which of the following is NOT an institutional change recommended by Albelda and Tilly in Reading 29 ("It's a Family Affair") to reduce the poverty of women?
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| | A) | close the gender pay gap
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| | B) | establish time limits for receiving government aid
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| | C) | provide affordable childcare
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| | D) | provide affordable education
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23 | |
According to David Cole in Reading 30 ("No Equal Justice"), the United States Sentencing Commission reported in 1995 that 65 percent of those who used crack were white. During that time, what percentage of those charged with federal crack violations were white?
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| | A) | 0
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| | B) | 5
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| | C) | 10
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| | D) | 15
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24 | |
According to Barbara Reskin in Reading 31 ("The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders"), a 1994 survey reported that _________ percent of whites believed that affirmative action sometimes discriminates against whites.
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| | A) | 20 to 30
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| | B) | 40 to 50
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| | C) | 50 to 60
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| | D) | 70 to 80
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25 | |
According to Barbara Reskin in Reading 31 ("The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders"), of the 451,442 discrimination complaints filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission between 1987 and 1994, _______ charged reverse discrimination
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| | A) | 10
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| | B) | 0
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| | C) | 4
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| | D) | 25
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26 | |
According to George Lipsitz in Reading 32 ("The Possessive Investment in Whiteness"), which of the following policies widened the gap between whites and people of color?
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| | A) | The Wagner Act during the "New Deal"
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| | B) | The Federal Housing Act of 1934
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| | C) | Post-World War II era trade union negotiations
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| | D) | all of the above
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27 | |
According to George Lipsitz in Reading 32 ("The Possessive Investment in Whiteness"), a 1992 study by the National Law Journal of the Environmental Protection Agency's responses to 1,177 toxic waste cases found which of the following to be the primary determinant for assigning penalties?
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| | A) | the severity of the waste pollution
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| | B) | the race of the residents of the area
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| | C) | the income of the residents of the area
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| | D) | the frequency of past violations
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28 | |
According to Richard Butsch in Reading 33 ("Ralph, Fred, Archie, and Homer"), representing blue-collar workers on television as buffoons requiring supervision illustrates:
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| | A) | working-class culture.
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| | B) | ideological hegemony.
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| | C) | social control.
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| | D) | none of the above.
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29 | |
According to Richard Butsch in Reading 33 ("Ralph, Fred, Archie, and Homer"), what is the first concern affecting the programming decisions of television networks?
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| | A) | the ability of the programs to attract the right audiences
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| | B) | the need to produce programming suited to advertising
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| | C) | risk avoidance
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| | D) | past program ratings
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30 | |
According to Lichter and Amundson in Reading 34 ("Distorted Reality: Hispanic Characters in TV Entertainment"), members of which of the following groups are more likely to be portrayed as criminals on network prime-time programs?
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| | A) | whites
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| | B) | Hispanics
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| | C) | blacks
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| | D) | Native Americans
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31 | |
As discussed by Debra Baker Beck in Reading 36 ("The 'F' Word: How the Media Frame Feminism"), Pamela Creedon's theory that uses marginalized lives as the starting place from which to design research is known as __________________ theory.
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| | A) | marginalized
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| | B) | feminist
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| | C) | epistemological
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| | D) | standpoint
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32 | |
According to Robert Moore in Reading 37 ("Racism in the English Language"), one of the ways that language has shaped our perspective of people of color is to make them invisible. This is known as the use of:
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| | A) | racial slurs.
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| | B) | passive voice.
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| | C) | political terminology.
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| | D) | loaded words.
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33 | |
According to Irving Kenneth Zola in Reading 38 ("Self, Identity, and the Naming Question"), the power of naming is most accurately described as:
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| | A) | a personal issue.
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| | B) | a problem only minorities face.
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| | C) | caused by the Old Testament.
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| | D) | a tool of dominant groups.
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34 | |
According to Irving Kenneth Zola in Reading 38 ("Self, Identity, and the Naming Question"), creating a visible disability subculture is:
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| | A) | enhanced by the stigma of illness/disability.
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| | B) | hindered by the experience of isolation.
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| | C) | easier if you are black and disabled.
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| | D) | a priority of many long-term hospitals and nursing homes.
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35 | |
According to Irving Kenneth Zola in Reading 38 ("Self, Identity, and the Naming Question"), crime mysteries and pulp magazines frequently treat characters with disabilities as:
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| | A) | one-dimensional people.
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| | B) | heroes and heroines.
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| | C) | normal.
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| | D) | narrators of the story.
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36 | |
In Reading 39 ("How to Tame a Wild Tongue"), by describing an appointment at the dentist's office, Gloria Anzaldúa:
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| | A) | shows that she needs dental work.
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| | B) | suggests that the dentist is a white supremacist.
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| | C) | introduces a link between one's body and one's culture.
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| | D) | encourages readers to take better care of their teeth.
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37 | |
In Reading 39 ("How to Tame a Wild Tongue"), Gloria Anzaldúa uses Spanish throughout the essay because she:
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| | A) | wants to show off her bilingualism.
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| | B) | knows how to write only this way.
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| | C) | wants readers to learn her native language.
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| | D) | intends to give voice to a Chicana experience.
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38 | |
In Reading 39 ("How to Tame a Wild Tongue"), Gloria Anzaldúa's use of the image of the "wild tongue" suggests:
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| | A) | an effort to communicate across cultural boundaries.
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| | B) | the need for standardized Spanish classes.
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| | C) | the need for English-only policies.
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| | D) | a form of epilepsy.
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39 | |
According to Eitzen and Baca Zinn in Reading 40 ("The Dark Side of Sports Symbols"), the debate over symbols at the University of Mississippi shows that:
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| | A) | symbols of the Confederacy are widely embraced.
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| | B) | symbols of the Confederacy are highly degrading.
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| | C) | the school's fight song "Dixie" is still popular.
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| | D) | symbols have great power to evoke emotions on all sides.
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40 | |
According to Eitzen and Baca Zinn in Reading 40 ("The Dark Side of Sports Symbols"), opponents of Native-American mascots argue that:
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| | A) | caricatures of American Indians such as "Chief Wahoo" of the Cleveland "Indians" distort history.
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| | B) | the name "Indian" is inherently offensive.
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| | C) | teams named after indigenous people seek to honor their cultures.
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| | D) | dances, chants, and drumming belong to all people.
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41 | |
According to Helen Zia in Reading 41 ("Where Race and Gender Meet"), the term "hate rape" refers to:
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| | A) | crimes against college women who are particularly disliked on their campuses.
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| | B) | incidents of rape motivated by overt homophobia.
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| | C) | rape cases where the victim is a woman of color.
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| | D) | rape cases involving newly divorced couples.
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42 | |
According to Helen Zia in Reading 41 ("Where Race and Gender Meet"), sexual assaults against women of color:
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| | A) | are closely monitored and severely punished by state and federal courts.
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| | B) | are usually motivated by a combination of racism and sexism.
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| | C) | cannot be addressed within the existing justice system.
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| | D) | will depend on the presence of women of color as lawyers and judges.
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43 | |
According to Boswell and Spade in Reading 42 ("Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture"), rape culture includes:
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| | A) | specific settings in which a rape is likely to occur.
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| | B) | the set of values and beliefs that provide an environment conducive to rape.
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| | C) | a generic culture surrounding and promoting rape.
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| | D) | both b and c.
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44 | |
According to Michael Kaufman in Reading 43 ("The Construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men's Violence"), the "triad of men's violence" consists of:
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| | A) | violence against women, other men, and one's self.
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| | B) | social, economic, and political domination.
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| | C) | patriarchal, heterosexual, and authoritarian forms of power.
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| | D) | an addiction to baseball, football, and wrestling.
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45 | |
According to Part II of the text ("Maintaining Inequalities"), racism is largely the product of individual actions.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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46 | |
Due to the unequal distribution of wealth and income in the United States, there is a general perception that resources such as money and property are scarce.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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47 | |
As discussed by Bonnie Thornton Dill in Reading 17 ("Our Mothers' Grief"), according to Alice Kessler-Harris, the gender-based division of labor during the colonial period was very rigid.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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48 | |
According to Lillian Rubin in Reading 18 ("Families on the Fault Line"), racial-ethnic women in the nineteenth century were treated as individual units of labor rather than as members of family groups.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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49 | |
According to Lillian Rubin in Reading 18 ("Families on the Fault Line"), African-American men are the least egalitarian in sharing domestic responsibilities.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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50 | |
According to Scott Coltrane in Reading 19 ("Stability and Change in Chicano Men's Family Lives"), white-collar, working-class families shared more of the household labor than upper-middle-class professionals.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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51 | |
As Nan Hunter notes in Reading 20 ("Sexual Dissent and the Family"), in some states, lesbians and gay men have the right to marry.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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52 | |
According to Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes in Reading 23 ("Civilize Them with a Stick"), Native-American boarding schools were begun by people who were attempting to save Native Americans from extermination.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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53 | |
According to Sadker and Sadker in Reading 24 ("Missing in Interaction"), girls receive more attention from teachers than do boys.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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54 | |
According to Sadker and Sadker in Reading 24 ("Missing in Interaction"), the amount of attention a student receives will influence her or his achievement and self-esteem.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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55 | |
According to William Julius Wilson in Reading 25 ("Jobless Ghettos"), the unemployment rate is an accurate representation of the number of people who are out of work at a particular time.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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56 | |
According to William Julius Wilson in Reading 25 ("Jobless Ghettos"), tax credits and wage subsidies would resolve problems of joblessness in the inner-city.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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57 | |
According to the findings of Kirschenman and Neckerman in Reading 26 ("'We'd Love to Hire Them, But...'"), employers were more likely to draw class distinctions among blacks than they were among Hispanics.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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58 | |
According to Christine Williams in Reading 27 ("The Glass Escalator"), the negative stereotypes about men who do "women's work" can work to the advantage of men in professions dominated by women.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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59 | |
According to Alejandro Reuss in Reading 28 ("Cause of Death: Inequality"), poor people in the United States are better off than poor people in developing nations when it comes to health.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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60 | |
According to David Cole in Reading 30 ("No Equal Justice"), selective enforcement of laws based on race is a new development in the U. S. criminal justice system.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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61 | |
According to Albelda and Tilly in Reading 29 ("It's a Family Affair"), single mothers work the same amount of hours in the paid labor force as other mothers.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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62 | |
According to Barbara Reskin in Reading 31 ("The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders"), there is no evidence that affirmative action results in hiring less qualified workers.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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63 | |
According to Peter Nardi in Reading 35 ("Changing Gay and Lesbian Images in the Media"), portrayals of gays and lesbians in films improved immediately after the Motion Picture Production Code ban was lifted in 1961.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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64 | |
According to Debra Baker Beck in Reading 36 ("The 'F' Word: How the Media Frame Feminism"), women who identify with the basic concepts of feminism do not usually identify themselves as feminists.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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65 | |
According to Boswell and Spade in Reading 42 ("Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture"), the settings of fraternities inevitably lead to the rape and abuse of women.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education