Please select the best answer for each question.
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1 | |
DNA is |
| | A) | the codes for biological structures and the means to translate this code |
| | B) | made up of 4 types of chemical bases |
| | C) | the codes that specify the information needed for the synthesis of proteins |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
Humans have ____ pairs of chromosomes. |
| | A) | 24 |
| | B) | 23 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | thousands |
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3 | |
Which is the best definition for a gene? |
| | A) | a section of DNA that has an identifiable function |
| | B) | any DNA sequence |
| | C) | a pair of chromosomes |
| | D) | a visible trait created by the actions of DNA |
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4 | |
Cell replication is known as _______, while cell replication and division so that each cell has half the original number of chromosomes is known as __________. |
| | A) | mitosis, meiosis |
| | B) | meiosis, mitosis |
| | C) | genetic inheritance, recombination |
| | D) | sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction |
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5 | |
The Human Genome Project has succeeded in identifying all of the human genetic code. One interesting result of this research is that _______ percent of our genome actually codes for proteins. |
| | A) | 25-50% |
| | B) | 5-10% |
| | C) | 1.1-1.5% |
| | D) | 0% |
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6 | |
The basis for Mendelian genetics is the research of Gregor Mendel who discovered that |
| | A) | yellow pea plants will always produce yellow seeds |
| | B) | yellow pea plants will always produce green seeds |
| | C) | genetic information from each parent is blended together in offspring |
| | D) | genetic information is inherited in discrete units |
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7 | |
The type of alleles at any given locus determine the ___________, while the observable trait expressed by these alleles determines the ____________. |
| | A) | genotype, phenotype |
| | B) | phenotype, genotype |
| | C) | simple discrete genetic traits, complex genetic traits |
| | D) | complex genetic traits, simple discrete genetic traits |
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8 | |
Mendel used the term dominant for |
| | A) | plants that were larger than others of the same variety |
| | B) | a trait that prevented another trait from appearing |
| | C) | a variety of pea plants that eliminated a weaker variety |
| | D) | a trait that skipped generations |
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9 | |
If the genotype of one parent is Tt for PTC tasting, and the other parent is tt, their child will have which genotype? |
| | A) | Tt |
| | B) | Tt or tt |
| | C) | tt |
| | D) | It is impossible to predict. |
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10 | |
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that |
| | A) | when sex cells are formed, only one of each pair of chromosomes is passed on |
| | B) | genes on the same chromosome are inherited independently |
| | C) | the segregation of one pair of chromosomes affects the segregation of other pairs |
| | D) | chromosomes from separate pairs are inherited independently |
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11 | |
During meiosis, chromosome pairs can exchange pieces, resulting in new combinations of genes and DNA sequences. This result is known as |
| | A) | linkage |
| | B) | crossing over |
| | C) | recombination |
| | D) | mutation |
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12 | |
Recessive traits usually require the presence of 2 alleles to be expressed. However, men may manifest traits for which they possess only 1 recessive allele, while women do not. This is because |
| | A) | The Y chromosome lacks genetic material to mask the recessive allele. |
| | B) | The X chromosome lacks genetic material to mask the recessive allele. |
| | C) | Men have fewer chromosomes than women. |
| | D) | Sex chromosomes do not determine phenotype. |
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13 | |
Many complex traits such as skin color or height are polygenic. This means that |
| | A) | one allele has effects on multiple traits |
| | B) | they are the result of alleles at 2 or more loci |
| | C) | recessive alleles are not expressed |
| | D) | dominant alleles are not expressed |
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14 | |
Mutation can be described as |
| | A) | lack of genetic variation |
| | B) | transmission of genetic material |
| | C) | recombination |
| | D) | change in the genetic code |
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15 | |
Which of the following is true? |
| | A) | mutation can be prevented through science |
| | B) | mutation rates are affected by environment |
| | C) | mutations appear to provide survival advantage |
| | D) | mutations only occur in sex cells |
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16 | |
Which of the following describes a mechanism by which mutation occurs? |
| | A) | substitution of one DNA base for another |
| | B) | the loss of one chromosome from a pair (monosomy) |
| | C) | the extra duplication of a chromosome (trisomy) |
| | D) | all of the above |
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17 | |
Mutation rates in humans for a given locus are generally |
| | A) | high, 100,000-200,000 per million sex cells |
| | B) | moderate, 1,000-2,000 per million sex cells |
| | C) | low, 1-100 mutations per million sex cells |
| | D) | very low, 1-10 mutations per million sex cells |
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18 | |
Mutation rates for an entire population or species in one generation are generally |
| | A) | high |
| | B) | moderate |
| | C) | low |
| | D) | the same as mutation rates for a single locus |
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19 | |
There has long been a debate in genetics about the extent to which behavior is governed by genetic factors. Current opinion most commonly holds that |
| | A) | behavior is determined more by environment |
| | B) | behavior is determined more by genetic makeup |
| | C) | the interaction of genes and environment influences behavior |
| | D) | scientific research is not affected by common cultural beliefs |
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20 | |
Ancient DNA can sometimes be reconstructed through what technique? |
| | A) | ancient DNA cannot be recovered |
| | B) | monosomy |
| | C) | polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| | D) | meiosis |
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