This chapter is concerned with the process of microevolution (macroevolutionary theory is discussed in Chapter 10). Starting with a brief description of populations and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the chapter provides an intuitive, relatively nonmathematical approach to microevolutionary theory. While some specific examples from human populations are given, most case studies are deferred to later chapters. For those instructors wishing a more mathematical approach, Appendix 1 provides further information on basic population genetics—only high school algebra is required.
1. You should know the terms "population" and "breeding population" as used in evolutionary theory. You should understand how they are defined in relation to a research question. |
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2. You should be familiar with how genotype and allele frequencies are calculated in a population. |
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3. You should be able to discuss the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model and know what assumptions are necessary to predict equilibrium in a population. |
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4. You should know the four evolutionary forces. You should be able to explain how mutation introduces change into a population; how fitness and natural selection operate on allele frequencies; how genetic drift is affected by population size; and the means by which gene flow occurs. |