Chapter 4 examines the forces of evolution over longer periods of time, focusing on the origin of new species. It includes a brief review of the history of life on our planet.
1. You should be able to define the “biological species” concept and describe how new species arise.
2. You should be able to discuss different models for macroevolutionary change and the nature and causes of extinction.
3. You should be familiar with common misconceptions about natural selection, structure, function, and evolution, and know the scientific principles they misinterpret.
4. You should know how the earth’s history is divided by geologists and paleontologists into eons, eras, and periods. You should know the dates and characteristics of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras, and the important species developments in each era.