Please answer the following essay questions.

1		Explain how orthogenesis, the notion that evolution follows a particular path, is a misconception of evolutionary principles. What were the expected end results of orthogenesis? How is orthogenesis disproved by the fossil record?
2		Describe how the factors of isolation, genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection can operate on a population to cause speciation, or the formation of a new species from a parent species.