Introduction to Criminal Justice

Career Information Resources

Career City

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Career City

Careers in Law Enforcement

Law enforcement careers include a wide range of options with various federal, state, county, and local agencies, and in private security.

General Links
Bureau of Labor Statistics – Occupational Outlook Handbook
http://www.bls.gov/OCO/

Federal Law Enforcement Training Academy
http://www.fletc.gov/index.htm  

International Association of Women Police
http://www.iawp.org/  

Law Enforcement Links Directory
http://www.leolinks.com/  

NCJRS – Law Enforcement
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/LawEnforcement.asp  

Office of Community Oriented Policing
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/  

Officer.com
http://www.officer.com/  

PoliceEmployment.com
http://www.policeemployment.com/  

Careers in Federal Law Enforcement

Federal agencies offer a variety of employment opportunities. Federal law enforcement positions may include standard policing functions, such as protection, prevention, arrest, and investigation. They may also include administrative, educational, community service, and other community-based activities.

Many federal agencies provide information about careers and often post current vacancies on their Web sites. In some cases these sites allow potential applicants to subscribe to a job alert service that will email subscribers when positions become available. Another source for jobs with the United States Federal Government is "USAJOBS." Their site, which is found at http://usajobs.opm.gov, includes information on thousands of jobs and allows searchers to create and store a résumé used for applying to federal jobs.

Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a law enforcement agency within the U.S. Department of Justice. ATF enforces the Federal laws and regulations relating to alcohol and tobacco diversion, firearms, explosives, and arson.

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
http://www.atf.gov  

ATF   Careers
http://www.atf.gov/jobs/index.htm

Capitol Police

The United States Capitol Police provide security for the Capitol Building, including investigating criminal acts throughout congressional buildings and protecting Members of Congress.

United States Capitol Police
http://www.uscapitolpolice.gov  

Capitol Police Careers
http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/   

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

The Central Intelligence Agency coordinates the nation s intelligence activities by collecting, evaluating, and disseminating intelligence that affects national security.

CIA
http://www.cia.gov/  

CIA Careers
http://www.cia.gov/employment/index.html

CIA Careers – Student Opportunities
https://www.cia.gov/careers/student-opportunities/index.html

Customs and Border Patrol
The mission of the Border Patrol has been altered, and expanded, with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, but the primary focus of the Border Patrol remains unchanged—to detect and prevent the smuggling and unlawful entry of undocumented aliens into the United States and to apprehend those persons found in the United States in violation of immigration laws.

Customs and Border Patrol
http://www.cbp.gov  

Customs and Border Patrol Careers
http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/careers/Á  

Customs Careers
http://www.customs.gov/xp/cgov/careers/customs_careers/  

Department of State

The Department of State has many positions that are related to criminal justice, coordinating security, investigating passport and visa fraud, and protecting the Secretary of State and visiting foreign dignitaries.

U.S. Department of State
http://www.state.gov/  

Department of State Career Options
http://www.careers.state.gov/index.html  

Department of State Career Opportunities
http://www.state.gov/m/ds/career/  

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

The DEA enforces the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States.

DEA
http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/  

DEA Careers
http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/resources/job_applicants.html  

DEA Community Relations
http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/programs/training/part20.html  

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

FBI responsibilities include protecting the United States and its citizens from terrorist attacks, foreign intelligence operations and espionage, cyber-based attacks and high-technology crime, public corruption, global and national crime organizations, and white-collar and violent crime.

FBI
http://www.fbi.gov/  

FBI Careers
https://www.fbijobs.com/  

Fish and Wildlife Service

Fish and Wildlife Service Officers are criminal investigators who enforce federal wildlife laws throughout the United States. Their investigations may include activities such as surveillance, undercover work, making arrests, and preparing cases for court.

Fish and Wildlife Service
http://www.le.fws.gov í

Fish and Wildlife Service Careers
http://www.fws.gov/le/AboutLE/career_ops.htm   

Federal Wildlife Officers Association
http://www.fwoa.org/  

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

The Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency is the largest investigative arm of the Department of Homeland Security and is responsible for identifying and shutting down vulnerabilities in the nation’s border, economic, transportation, and infrastructure security.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement
http://www.ice.gov  

Immigration and Customs Enforcement Careers
http://www.ice.gov/careers/index.htm   

Internal Revenue Service (IRS)

IRS agents investigate complex financial crimes associated with tax evasion, money laundering, narcotics, organized crime, and public corruption.

IRS
http://www.irs.gov/  

IRS Careers
http://jobs.irs.gov/home.html   

IRS Law Enforcement Careers
http://jobs.irs.gov/car_lenforcement.html   

National Park Service

Park police and uniformed guards are primarily responsible for the protection of park service properties in the capitol region.

National Park Service
http://www.nps.gov/  

National Park Service Careers
http://www.nps.gov/personnel/  

National Park Service Fire Careers
http://www.nps.gov/fire/jobs/index.htm   

NPS Digest
http://data2.itc.nps.gov/digest/usajobs.cfm  

Postal Service Inspector

Postal inspectors investigate criminal and civil violations of postal laws and protect the revenue and assets of the U.S. Postal Service. Inspectors carry firearms, make arrests, testify in court, serve subpoenas, and write comprehensive reports.

United States Postal Service
http://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/   

USPS Careers
http://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/employment/positions.aspx   

Secret Service

The Secret Service protects the President and Vice President, their families, heads of state, and other designated individuals. They also investigate threats and protect the White House, Vice President’s Residence, Foreign Missions, and other buildings within Washington, D.C.

United States Secret Service
http://www.secretservice.gov  

Secret Service Careers
http://www.secretservice.gov/opportunities.shtml  

United States Marshal

The Marshals Service is responsible for judicial security, fugitive investigations, witness security, prisoner services, prisoner transportation, and a range of additional duties.

United States Marshals Service
http://www.usmarshals.gov  

U.S. Marshals Service Careers
http://www.usmarshals.gov/duties/index.html  

Careers in State and Local Law Enforcement

The agencies listed below are active at the state or local level in many communities.

Campus Police Officer

Campus police officers provide security for faculty, staff, students, and visitors within an assigned area of a university campus. Officers also perform routine security and public safety patrol duties.

International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators
http://www.iaclea.org/  

Security on Campus
http://www.securityoncampus.org/  

Campus Law Enforcement Statistics
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/cample.htm  

Fish and Game Officer

Fish and game officers enforce laws and regulations designed to protect and conserve fish and wildlife. Game wardens warn, cite, and arrest individuals suspected of violations.

North American Wildlife Enforcement Officers Association
http://www.naweoa.org/  

Federal Wildlife Officers Association – State Links
http://www.fwoa.org/links.html  

Motor Carrier Enforcement

Motor carrier enforcement officers enforce the laws regulating the trucking industry. Enforcement officers also patrol highways and can stop vehicles for inspection. Motor carrier enforcement and inspection agencies are often a branch of the State Police.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/aboutus/aboutus.htm  

Police Officers and Detectives

Police officers in municipal police departments of various sizes, small communities, and rural areas have general law enforcement duties including maintaining regular patrols, traffic patrol, and responding to service calls. Some police officers specialize in such diverse fields as chemical and microscopic analysis, training and firearms instruction, or handwriting and fingerprint identification.

Officer.com
http://www.officer.com/  

CopsOnline.com
http://www.copsonline.com/  

Sheriff and Deputy Sheriffs

The Sheriffs' department typically enforces laws within a jurisdiction limited to county boundaries. The sheriff is often responsible for maintaining facilities that are used for the temporary housing of local prisoners.

United States Deputy Sheriffs’ Association
http://www.usdsa.com/  

National Sheriffs Association
http://www.sheriffs.org/  

Corrections.com – County Sheriff’s Offices
http://www.corrections.com/links/show/4   

State Police

State police officers have statewide jurisdiction over criminal and traffic laws. State police, who may also be known as troopers or highway patrol, issue traffic citations to motorists who violate the law, respond to traffic accidents, and investigate the cause of accidents.

Directory of State Patrol and State Police
http://www.statetroopersdirectory.com/  

National Troopers Coalition
http://www.ntctroopers.com/  

Officer.com – Links to State Agencies
http://search.officer.com/agencysearch/  

Careers in Corrections

Correctional agencies serve victims, offenders, and the community. Corrections careers are found in a variety of federal, state, and local agencies.

General Links
American Correctional Association
http://www.aca.org/  

American Jail Association
http://www.corrections.com/aja/index.shtml  

Corrections Connection
http://www.corrections.com  

International Community Corrections Association
http://www.iccaweb.org/  

International Corrections and Prisons Association
http://www.icpa.ca/  

JUSTNET - Justice Technology Information Network
http://www.nlectc.org/  

National Institute of Corrections
http://www.nicic.org/  

NIC - Links to State Corrections Agencies
http://www.nicic.org/Features/LinkDirectory/?Category=State%20Departments%20of%20Corrections   

PrisonsandJails.com
http://www.prisonsandjails.com/  

The Sentencing Project
http://www.sentencingproject.org/  

United States Sentencing Commission
http://www.ussc.gov/  

Case Manager

Case managers counsel inmates, evaluate inmate behavior and progress, and help inmates prepare for release from incarceration.

Classification Officer

Prisoner classification officers interview inmates, compile social and criminal histories, and recommend rehabilitation services.

Bureau of Labor Statistics – Occupational Outlook Handout
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos265.htm  

Handbook for Evaluating Objective Prison Classification Systems
http://www.nicic.org/pubs/1992/010675.pdf  

Community Corrections

Community Corrections agencies administer programs that divert non-violent offenders from prison. These programs include probation, intensive probation, electronic monitoring, and other alternatives. Programs are coordinated by local courts and correctional agencies and may be run by governmental and/or private agencies.

Community Resources for Justice
http://www.crjustice.org/   

International Community Corrections Association
http://www.iccaweb.org/  

Correctional Administrator

Correctional administrators oversee the operations of prisons and provide leadership, supervision and staff training.

American Correctional Association
http://www.aca.org/  

Association of State Correctional Administrators
http://www.asca.net/  

Corrections.com
http://www.corrections.com/  

International Corrections and Prisons Association
http://www.icpa.ca/  

National Institute of Corrections
http://www.nicic.org/  

Correctional Educator

Correctional educators work in prisons, jails, juvenile justice facilities, and various community based settings. The programs they teach include instruction in academic, vocational, life skills, parenting, English as a second language, literacy, and post-secondary education. In most cases correctional educators are required to be licensed educators in the state in which they teach.

Correctional Education Association
http://www.ceanational.org/  

Correctional Education Links
http://www.nwlincs.org/correctional_education/home.htm  

U.S. Department of Education – Office of Correctional Education
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OVAE/AdultEd/OCE/index.html  

Correctional Health Care Professional

Along with the usual health care issues found in the general population, correctional health care professionals work in a closed system in which health care problems can spread quickly. They may also have to deal with substance abuse and mental health problems.

American Correctional Health Services Association
http://www.corrections.com/achsa  

Corrections Healthcare Network
http://www.corrections.com/networks/healthcare   

Institute for Criminal Justice Healthcare
http://www.icjh.org/  

National Commission on Correctional Health Care
http://www.ncchc.org/  

National Prison Hospice Association
http://www.npha.org/abtnpha.html  

Society of Correctional Physicians
http://www.corrdocs.org/  

Correctional Officer

Correctional officers oversee individuals who have been arrested and are awaiting trial or who have been convicted of a crime and sentenced to serve time in an adult or juvenile correctional facility.

American Jail Association
http://www.corrections.com/aja/index.shtml  

USA Jobs
http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/  

Inmate Transition Officer

Inmate transition officers help inmates, and often their families, plan for successful reentry in to the community. They teach inmates who are scheduled to be released about job search strategies and may assist in the job placement of recently released individuals.

UNICOR – Inmate Transition Branch
http://www.unicor.gov/placement/ipprogram.htm  

Legal Specialist

Many correctional institutions employ legal specialists who provide legal research to prisoners. Prison legal specialists help resolve disputes, provide assistance with legal research, file motions, and assist with other legal issues.

LII – Corrections Law Materials
http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/corrections.html  

Prison Activist Resource Center
http://www.prisonactivist.org/  

Prison Law Office
http://www.prisonlaw.com/  

Librarian

Correctional librarians direct library programs for residents and staff of prisons and other residential correctional facilities.

Prison Librarianship Clearinghouse
http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~xx132/  

American Library Association
http://www.ala.org/ala/ascla/asclapubs/interface/archives/contentlistingby/volume25/successprisonlib/howsuccessful.htm  

Prison Industries Staff

Many prisons have on-site industries that produce furniture, clothing, and other saleable goods or services. Professionals in these facilities perform supervisory and training duties similar to those found in traditional factories housed outside prison walls.

National Correctional Industries Association
http://www.nationalcia.org/  

U.S. Department of Justice – Federal Prison Industries
http://www.unicor.gov/  

Probation and Parole Officer

Probation officers supervise people who have been placed on probation as an alternative to incarceration. Parole officers supervise offenders who have been released from prison on parole. The job of parole and probation officer is often combined and the duties are similar.

American Probation and Parole Association
http://www.appa-net.org/  

National Association of Probation Executives
http://www.napehome.org/  

Pretrial Services Resource Center
http://www.pretrial.org/  

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/reentry/  

United States Parole Commission
http://www.usdoj.gov/uspc/

Recreational Coordinator

Recreational coordinators identify inmate recreation and sports interests and plan for equipment, facility, and personnel needs.

National Correctional Recreation Association
http://www.strengthtech.com/  

Prison Service Sports Association
http://www.pssa.org.uk/  

Security Intelligence Officer

Security intelligence officers collect and analyze information gained through informants and observation. These officers monitor the activity of prison gangs and others who pose a threat to institutional safety and security.

Gang and Security Threat Group (Florida)
http://www.dc.state.fl.us/pub/gangs/  

Security Threat Group Information (Massachusetts)
http://www.mass.gov/doc/GANG/gang1.htm  

 Careers in Court

The court system offers careers that overlap with duties and roles more often associated with law enforcement and corrections. Careers are available for people with high school diplomas as well as those with law degrees and other advanced education. Work in the courts can provide a challenging and rewarding career experience that includes a range of responsibilities.

General Links

Center for Alternative Sentencing and Employment Services
http://www.cases.org/  

Center for Court Innovation
http://www.courtinnovation.org/  

Council for Court Excellence
http://www.courtexcellence.org/  

National Center for State Courts
http://www.ncsconline.org/  

NCJRS – Courts
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/Courts.asp  

Arbitrator

Arbitrators are typically attorneys or businesspersons with expertise in a particular field, although training and experience can vary widely. In arbitration, the disputants submit their dispute to one or more impartial arbitrators, who are empowered to render a final and binding decision.

American Arbitration Association
http://www.adr.org  

Association for Conflict Resolution
http://www.acrnet.org/  

Arbitration Development Program
http://www.mediate.com/acrworkplace/pg44.cfm  

Attorney

Attorneys serve as advocates or advisors for their clients. In criminal courts, attorneys function as representatives of the state, the accused, or other parties to the case. Lawyers often specialize in a specific area of the law and may perform a relatively narrow role.

American Bar Association
http://w3.abanet.org/  

American College of Trial Lawyers
http://www.actl.com/  

Association of Trial Lawyers of America
http://www.atla.org/  

Clerk of the Court

Court clerks manage revenue collections and are responsible for records management, public relations, and other aspects of court operation. The Clerk of the Court also performs clerical duties, manages the court docket, and manages many documents containing information for the judge, the attorneys, and other court participants.

CareerPlanner.com
http://www.careerplanner.com/Job-Descriptions/Court-Clerks.cfm  

Federal Court Clerks Association
http://www.fcca.ws/  

National Center for State Courts
http://www.ncsconline.org/  

U.S. Courts
http://www.uscourts.gov/  

Court Administrator

Court administrators assist the judge with the court calendar, case flow, and many other duties.

Judicial Management Institute
http://www.jmijustice.org/  

National Association for Court Management
http://www.ncsc.org  

NCSC Court Management Program
http://www.ncsconline.org/D_ICM/programs/cmp/index.asp   

Court Interpreter/Translator

Court interpreters translate for people who come before the courts, such as defendants and witnesses, but who cannot communicate effectively in English. They also provide closed-captioning and real-time translation for deaf and hard-of-hearing participants.

NCSC – Court Interpretation
http://www.ncsconline.org/D_Research/CourtInterp.html  

Court Reporter

Court reporters document all words spoken by the participants of all court proceedings. In addition to reporting court proceedings, reporters generate transcripts of depositions, interrogatories, and other pretrial proceedings.

National Court Reporters Association
http://www.ncraonline.org/  

United States Court Reporters Association
http://www.uscra.org/  

Defense Attorney

Criminal defense attorneys may work for the federal, state or local government or for private law firms. They defend the accused in criminal or civil court.

National Board of Trial Advocacy
http://www.nbtanet.org/

National Legal Aid and Defenders Association
http://www.nlada.org/  

District/Prosecuting Attorney

Prosecutors work for the government in enforcement of federal and state statutes that define the criminal code. During trials the prosecutor represents the state in the case against the defendant. Prosecutors generally work for the District Attorney’s office of the state or county.

United States Attorney General
http://www.usdoj.gov/  

International Association of Prosecutors
http://www.iap.nl.com/  

National District Attorneys Association
http://www.ndaa.org/index.html  

Judge

Judges preside over trials or hearings. The duties of judges vary according to the extent of their jurisdictions and powers. Judges have jurisdictions that may be limited to geography or subject. Judges can be elected or appointed and, in most cases, a legal degree is required. Local court judges, often called magistrates, may not be required to be attorneys.

Federal Judicial Center
http://www.fjc.gov/  

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/  

Jury Coordinator

The jury coordinator handles all phases of jury management, including source lists, qualifications, excusals and exemptions, and juror fees.

NCSC – Center for Jury Studies
http://www.ncsconline.org/Juries/home.htm  

Law Clerk

Law clerks assist with the preparation of cases by conducting legal research and gathering evidence.

Judicial Clerkships
http://www.judicialclerkships.com/links.htm  

Law Librarian

Law librarians assist people in finding information and using it effectively for personal and professional purposes. Librarians must have knowledge of a variety of scholarly and public information sources.

American Association of Law Librarians
http://www.aallnet.org/  

American Library Association
http://www.ala.org/  

Mediator

A mediator is a neutral third party who assists parties trying to resolve a dispute without reliance on more formal court processes.

Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking
http://ssw.cehd.umn.edu/Connections/RJP.html   

Mediation Information and Resource Center
http://www.mediate.com  

Restorative Justice Online
http://www.restorativejustice.org ó

Victim Offender Mediation Association
http://www.voma.org  

Paralegal or Legal Assistant

Paralegals, also referred to as legal assistants, perform a variety of tasks in courts and law offices. Paralegals prepare legal briefs, perform legal research, assist at trials, and draft a variety of documents. Their role is limited and in most cases they cannot present cases in court or give legal advice.

ABA Standing Committee on Legal Assistants
http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/legalassistants/home.html  

National Association of Legal Assistants
http://www.nala.org/  

National Paralegal Association
http://www.nationalparalegal.org/  

Public Defender

Public defenders provide defense services to indigents charged with felony and misdemeanor offenses through all trial stages and appeals. Public defenders must be members of the state bar, possess a comprehensive knowledge of criminal law and procedure, and be proficient at legal research.

Department of Justice – Indigent Defense
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/id.htm   

New York State Defenders Association
http://www.nysda.org/  

Public Defender Web sites
http://www.wcl.american.edu/ocs/publicdefenders.cfm  

Public Information Officer

Public information officers provide resources that educate the public about courts, law, and the procedures required for different types of cases. As a spokesperson for the court, the public information officer communicates with the media to ensure that accurate information is reported.

Association of Public Safety Communication Officials International
http://www.apcointl.org/  

NCSC – Public Information Officers
http://www.ncsconline.org/wc/CourTopics/overview.asp?topic=PubInf   

National Information Officers Association
http://www.nioa.org/  

Careers in Juvenile Justice

Juvenile justice careers involve interaction with offenders who are not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts. In most states, the age for criminal culpability is set at 18 years.

Most juvenile justice careers have parallels in the adult system. In some cases only the terminology changes. In other cases the ethics of care and compassion that can be missing in the adult justice system are active as juvenile justice professionals guide youthful offenders toward different paths.

Child Protective Service Worker

Child Protective Service workers attempt to assure the safety and welfare of children through various strategies. The worker provides direct services to the family members and acts as a case manager in coordinating the provision of other services that are needed.

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect
http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/cps/index.cfm   

American Family Advocacy Center
http://www.profane-justice.org/  

Child Welfare Caseworker

Caseworkers provide social services to children and young adults with behavior problems. They also work with the children's parents and recommend appropriate responses to behavioral problems.

National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice
http://www.cwresource.org  

Juvenile Corrections Caseworker

As in adult prisons, caseworkers are the primary treatment staff for juveniles in institutional settings. They monitor residents to be sure that they are meeting the requirements of their treatment. Caseworkers may also work in community corrections settings.

Juvenile Detention Alternatives Institute
http://www.aecf.org/Home/MajorInitiatives/JuvenileDetentionAlternativesInitiative.aspx   

National Juvenile Detention Association
http://www.njda.com/  

Juvenile Mental Health Counselor

Juvenile mental health counselors help juveniles function in their environments, deal with their relationships, and respond in a productive way to personal and family problems. They counsel clients, arrange for services, and continue consultation to assure that services are effective.

Bazelon Center
http://www.bazelon.org/issues/children/7-7-04jjsignonltr.htm  

Center for the Promotion of Mental Health in Juvenile Justice
http://www.promotementalhealth.org/  

The National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice
http://www.ncmhjj.com/  

Juvenile Court Judge

The juvenile court judge hears cases and handles administrative duties associated with the operation of the juvenile court. Judges determine responsibility and impose sentences. Juvenile court judges may also hear cases involving abuse, neglect, custody, and adoption. In most cases juvenile court judges have a law degree.

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
http://www.ncjfcj.org/  

ABA Center on Children and the Law
http://www.abanet.org/child/home.html  

Juvenile Court Referee

Juvenile court referees ease the workload of juvenile court judges by assisting with the duties of the court and by presiding over hearings. Referees, who are usually attorneys, may hear less serious cases, allowing judges to focus on more serious felony offenses.

Juvenile Defense Attorney

The juvenile defense attorney serves as the legal advocate for an accused juvenile. The lawyer prepares the case for the juvenile and represents the accused at all critical stages of the proceedings. Juvenile defense attorneys must be members of the state bar and in many jurisdictions they are required to complete additional training related to juvenile courts, laws, and procedures.

American Bar Association – National Juvenile Defender Association
http://www.njdc.info/   

National Association of Counsel for Children
http://www.naccchildlaw.org/  

National Center for Youth Law
http://www.youthlaw.org/  

Juvenile Diversion Specialist

Juvenile diversion specialists typically work with eligible first-time juvenile offenders. These programs provide an alternative to formal court proceedings. Juveniles typically participate in diversion programs with their parent or guardian.

Juvenile Diversion Programs (Phoenix, AZ)
http://phoenix.gov/PRL/arythjv.html  

Juvenile Probation Officer

As in the adult courts, juvenile probation officers supervise those placed on probation to assure that the terms of the probation are being met. Juvenile probation often includes classes, counseling, education, and other responsibilities or services. Entry-level probation jobs usually require a college degree. Juvenile probation is often the first job placement for criminal justice majors.

American Probation and Parole Association
http://www.appa-net.org/  

Department of Juvenile Justice (Florida)
http://www.djj.state.fl.us/  

School Resource Officers

School resource officers are assigned to schools as a part of the community’s police department. They are trained police officers with specialties in juveniles and schools.

Center for the Prevention of School Violence
http://www.ncdjjdp.org/cpsv/  

CPSV – School Resource Officers
http://www.ncdjjdp.org/cpsv/school_resource_officer.html   

Department of Justice – COPS Online
http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/  

National Association of School Resource Officers
http://www.nasro.org  

Careers in Forensics

Forensic scientists discover, document, and protect evidence that can be used to answer questions arising from crime or litigation. They are also responsible for the identification, classification, and recording of evidence discovered during the investigation of crime scenes. Forensic science technicians analyze crime scene evidence, prepare reports, and testify at trial.

General Links
American Academy of Forensic Sciences
http://www.aafs.org/  

American College of Forensic Examiners
http://www.acfei.com/  

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
http://www.ascld.org/  

American Society of Questioned Document Examiners
http://www.asqde.org/  

Crime Scene Investigator
http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/  

FBI – Forensic Science Communications
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/current/index.htm  

Forensics Curriculum – Court TV
http://www.courttv.com/forensics_curriculum/  

International Association for Identification
http://www.theiai.org/  

International Association of Bloodstain Pattern Analysts
http://www.iabpa.org/  

International Association of Crime Analysts
http://www.iaca.net/  

International Association of Forensic Toxicologists
http://www.tiaft.org/  

Mid-Atlantic Association of Forensic Scientists
http://maafs.org/  

National Association of Medical Examiners
http://www.thename.org/  

National Center for Forensic Science
http://ncfs.ucf.edu/home.html  

National Forensic Science Technology Center
http://www.nfstc.org/  

United States Secret Service – Forensic Services Division
http://www.treas.gov/usss/forensics.shtml  

Criminalist

Criminalists identify, analyze, and interpret physical evidence. They typically have training in areas of biology, chemistry, anthropology, and other laboratory sciences.

American Board of Criminalistics
http://www.criminalistics.com/    

American Board of Forensic Odontology
http://www.abfo.org/  

Association of Firearms and Toolmark Examiners
http://www.afte.org/  

Criminal Psychologist

Criminal psychologists develop psychological profiles that can help the police identify and understand the behavior and actions of suspects. Criminal psychologists may also help police identify areas where the suspect lives, works, and chooses victims. These justice professionals have degrees in psychology and other social sciences.

American Board of Professional Psychology
http://www.abpp.org/  

American Psychological Association – Law and Psychology
http://www.apa.org/psyclaw/  

American Psychology – Law Association
http://www.ap-ls.org/  

Society for Police and Criminal Psychology
http://cep.jmu.edu/spcp/  

Forensic Psychiatrist/Psychologist

Forensic psychiatrists/psychologists offer expert professional opinions in a legal case or civil matter. They are licensed psychiatrists or psychologists who work in private practice, correctional facilities, and hospitals.

American Academy of Forensic Psychology
http://www.abfp.com/  

American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
http://www.aapl.org/  

Arson Specialist

Arson specialists investigate the cause, origin, and circumstances of fires. Arson specialists may also create and enforce guidelines for safe transportation, disposal, and storage of explosives. Arson Specialists work for governmental agencies and insurance companies.

International Association of Arson Investigators
http://www.firearson.com/  

Insurance Committee for Arson Control
http://www.arsoncontrol.org/  

InterFire Online
http://www.interfire.org/  

National Association of Fire Investigators
http://www.nafi.org  

Careers in Private Security

Many of the careers listed in prior sections of this text are available in the private sector. Careers are available in private prisons and in many areas of community corrections. Careers are also available in corporations, or security firms that serve corporations, in the areas of fraud, theft, information security, personal security, and workplace violence. Many new positions have been created due to concerns about Internet security.

American Polygraph Association
http://www.polygraph.org/  

American Society for Industrial Security
http://www.asisonline.org/  

Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
http://www.acfe.com/   

International Association for Counterterrorism and Security Professionals
http://www.iacsp.com/index.html  

International Association of Private Security Consultants
http://www.iapsc.org/  

National Security Institute
http://nsi.org/  

Retail Loss Prevention Exchange
http://www.rlpx.com/  

Securitas Security Services
http://www.pinkertons.com/  

Security Magazine
http://www.secmag.com/  

Security Management Online
http://www.securitymanagement.com/  

Security Professional’s Site
http://www.securityprofessionalssite.com/  

Careers in Victim Services

Victim services professionals advise victims of available resources, refer crime victims to appropriate resources, and help victims access these services.

General Links
American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children
http://www.apsac.org/  

Association of Traumatic Stress Specialists
http://www.atss.info/   

National Center for Victims of Crime
http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/Main.aspx  

NCJRS – Victims of Crime
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/VictimsOfCrime.asp  

RealJustice
http://www.realjustice.org/  

Safer Child
http://www.saferchild.org/  

United States Department of Justice – Office for Victims of Crime
http://www.ovw.usdoj.gov/  

United States Department of Justice – Office on Violence Against Women
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo/  

Crime Prevention Coordinator

Crime prevention coordinators work with neighborhood watch groups, business watch groups, neighborhood associations, and similar organizations to develop crime prevention programs.

Gang Resistance Education and Training
http://www.atf.gov/great/  

International Society of Crime Prevention Practitioners
http://www.iscpp.org/   

National Association of Town Watch
http://www.nationalnightout.org/  

Crisis Center Coordinator/Counselor

Most communities provide crisis intervention services for crime victims and others who are in crisis. These centers rely heavily on volunteer support and are also staffed by trained coordinators and/or counselors.

Battered Women’s Justice Project
http://www.bwjp.org/

Family Violence Prevention Fund
http://endabuse.org/  

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
http://www.ncadv.org/  

National Domestic Violence Hotline
http://www.ndvh.org/  

National Electronic Network on Violence Against Women
http://www.vawnet.org/  

National Mental Health Association
http://www.nmha.org/  

Violence Against Women Resources
http://www.vaw.umn.edu/about/  

Victim Offender Mediator

Victim 0ffender mediators are trained, neutral third parties who facilitate the communication process between victims, offenders, and community members. Victim offender mediation is often used in juvenile courts.

Victim Offender Mediation Association
http://www.voma.org/  

Victim Offender Reconciliation Programs
http://www.vorp.com/  

Association for Conflict Resolution
http://www.acrnet.org/  

Mediate.com
http://www.mediate.com/  

Restorative Justice Online Network
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/publications/rest-just/   

Victim Services Coordinator

Victim services coordinators provide assistance to crime victims, witnesses, survivors, and their significant others. They review programs and resources available in the community and assure availability of services. They may provide information to police and other victim contact personnel to make them aware of victim needs and referral options.

Department of Justice – Office for Victims of Crime
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/  

Directory of Crime Victim Services
http://ovc.ncjrs.org/findvictimservices/

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