Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 48: The Digestive System

Learning Outcomes

• Understand the neural and hormonal regulation of digestion.
• Compare the digestive strategies of single cells, primitive invertebrates, and higher animals.
• Compare the general structure of teeth of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
• Describe the digestive activities that occur in the mouth and indicate how food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
• Describe the digestive activities of and secretions produced by the stomach.
• Describe the digestive and absorptive activities of the small intestine, including its secretions.
• Explain the importance of convolutions in the digestive tract; identify the regions that are highly convoluted and the regions that are not convoluted.
• Explain the digestive activities associated with the large intestine.
• Understand the symbiotic relationships that enhance digestive activities in the vertebrates.
• Know the two kinds of exocrine cells present in the pancreas and the function(s) of each of their secretions.
• Describe the metabolic and digestive activities of the liver.
• Explain the importance of regulating food intake.
• Understand the importance of essential nutrients including vitamins and amino acids.