(See related pages)
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| absolute poverty | A situation in which the basic material needs of an individual or a family (food, clothing, shelter) are not met. (See page(s) p. 340) |
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| Canada Pension Plan | (CPP) A national retirement plan funded by obligatory employer and employee contributions. (See page(s) p. 342) |
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| employment discrimination | Inferior treatment in hiring, promotion, and work assignment for a particular group of employees. (See page(s) p. 345) |
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| Employment Insurance | (EI) A program that insures workers against the hazards of losing their jobs. (See page(s) p. 343) |
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| equality–efficiency tradeoff | The decrease in economic efficiency that may accompany a decrease in income inequality; the presumption that some income inequality is required to achieve economic efficiency. (See page(s) p. 340) |
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| Gini ratio | A numerical measure of the overall dispersion of income. (See page(s) p. 333) |
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| Guaranteed Income Supplement | (GIS) Money paid on application, subject to a means test, to those receiving an OAS pension who have an income below a certain level. (See page(s) p. 342) |
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| human capital discrimination | Arbitrary restriction of particular groups from productivity-enhancing investments in education and training. (See page(s) p. 345) |
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| income inequality | The unequal distribution of an economy's total income among households or families. (See page(s) p. 332) |
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| income mobility | The movement of individuals and families from one income quintile to another over time. (See page(s) p. 334) |
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| Lorenz curve | A curve showing the distribution of income in an economy; the cumulated percentage of families (income receivers) is measured along the horizontal axis and cumulated percentage of income is measured along the vertical axis. (See page(s) p. 332) |
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| noncash transfer | Government transfer payments in the form of goods and services rather than money; for example, food stamps, housing assistance, and job training; also called in-kind transfers. (See page(s) p. 334) |
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| occupational discrimination | Arbitrary restriction of particular groups from more desirable, higher-paying occupations. (See page(s) p. 345) |
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| occupational segregation | Crowding women or minorities into less desirable, lower-paying occupations. (See page(s) p. 346) |
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| Old Age Security | (OAS) A pension paid on application at age 65 to everyone resident in Canada for at least 10 years immediately before turning 65. (See page(s) p. 342) |
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| relative poverty | A situation in which an individual's or a family's income is low relative to others in society. (See page(s) p. 340) |
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| statistical discrimination | Judging individuals on the average characteristic of the group to which they belong rather than on their own personal characteristics. (See page(s) p. 345) |
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| wage discrimination | The payment of a lower wage to members of a less-preferred group than to members of a more-preferred group for the same work. (See page(s) p. 345) |