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1
As related in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological Research," perhaps the most important lesson about being a wise consumer of psychological research is that:
A)the method is more important than the result.
B)all claims require evidence.
C)all experiments are manipulated to attain a desired result.
D)all polls are equally valid.
2
As noted in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological Research," the reason the Gallup Poll was more accurate than the Literary Digest poll in the 1936 election was that Gallup:
A)allowed respondents to volunteer for the poll.
B)polled more people.
C)polled fewer people.
D)used a form of random sampling.
3
As pointed out in "How to Be a Wise Consumer of Psychological Research," random assignment guarantees that those assigned to one experimental condition will be as similar as possible to those assigned to a different condition.
A)True
B)False
4
As reported in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research: Issues and Problems," the lack of adequate research pertinent to healthcare for racial and ethnic groups is largely attributable to the fact that:
A)research is not conducted by members of such groups.
B)the insurance industry is not interested in such research.
C)such research is difficult and often requires substantial funding.
D)government studies must be racially blind.
5
As noted in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research:Issues and Problems," in comparing Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Institute of Medicine definitions of disparities in health, the authors note that:
A)neither identified health disparities as a major problem.
B)neither offers useful methods for assessing disparities.
C)the cultural appropriateness of interventions for ethnic minority populations was the major focus of the nstitute of Medicine.
D)the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality definition is more inclusive.
6
As stated in "Ethnic and Racial Health Disparities Research: Issues and Problems," over-sampling ethnic minority groups is never fruitful for researchers.
A)True
B)False
7
In comparing self-esteem between males and females, the authors of "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan" note that:
A)gender differences are consistent across the entire life span.
B)the gender gap emerges in adolescence.
C)gender differences emerge in middle age.
D)gender differences are most pronounced in old age.
8
As pointed out in "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan," self-esteem tends to be highest when people are age:
A)15-23.
B)30-39.
C)40-49.
D)60-69.
9
As stated in "Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan," self-esteem stability is relatively high during early childhood.
A)True
B)False
10
The author of "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures" explains that self-concordant individuals:
A)do what is expected of them.
B)follow their interests and values.
C)conform to group-centered norms.
D)feel comfortable following rules.
11
As brought out in "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures," self-determination theory (SDT) maintains that:
A)deferring to others can be positive.
B)deferring to others causes dissatisfaction.
C)tradition is more important than personal desires.
D)personal desires are more important than tradition.
12
As discussed in "Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures," studies link concordance and happiness, but only in Western cultures.
A)True
B)False
13
According to "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See You," social anxiety is really just an innate response to:
A)the threat of exclusion.
B)traumatic experiences in childhood.
C)poor parenting.
D)fear of other people.
14
As discussed in "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See You," people who handle feedback well are usually:
A)not very curious about the world around them.
B)open to new experiences.
C)narcissists.
D)extremely shy.
15
As noted in "Mirror, Mirror: Seeing Yourself As Others See You," most people have a very unstable view of themselves.
A)True
B)False
16
The behavior of participants in studies, as described in "How Social Perception Can Automatically Influence Behavior," showed assimilation effects when primed with all of the following except:
A)"professors" or "supermodels."
B)"Albert Einstein" or "Claudia Schiffer."
C)hostility or calmness.
D)rudeness or politeness.
17
As shown in "How Social Perception Can Automatically Influence Behavior," when testing effects of automatic effects on behavior, it is most important that the participants:
A)have equivalent prior experiences.
B)be open to the priming influence.
C)not suspect any priming influence.
D)be aware of the priming influence.
18
As asserted in "How Social Perception Can Automatically Influence Behavior," knowledge that is incidentally activated in memories can inadvertently influence behavior without the person's awareness.
A)True
B)False
19
In discussing flashbulb memories, the author of "Flashbulb Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy" points out that:
A)the most compelling of such memories involve private, personal events.
B)such memories can mutate over time.
C)the first event that prompted the study of such memories was the assassination of John Kennedy.
D)such memories are more reliable than everyday memories.
20
As reported in "Flashbulb Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy," President Bush's memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001:
A)are entirely consistent with the facts.
B)cannot be explained by the theory that planes flew into the buildings.
C)reveal the frailties of human memory.
D)consistently hold that he learned about both World Trade Center attacks from television.
21
As noted in "Flashbulb Memories: How Psychological Research Shows That Our Most Powerful Memories May Be Untrustworthy," the majority of adults studied can be induced to create false memories.
A)True
B)False
22
According to "Culture Affects Reasoning, Categorization," Professor Douglas Medin of Northwestern University:
A)contends that there is an insurmountable cultural divide between Menominee American Indians and European-Americans.
B)believes that culture can have little impact on research.
C)maintains that culturally based educational frameworks can help students' school adjustment and achievement.
D)says that it is impossible to bridge barriers between cultures on the subject of nature.
23
In looking at scores in science among Menominee American Indian students, the author of "Culture Affects Reasoning, Categorization" points out that:
A)science is consistently their best subject throughout their education.
B)science is consistently their worst subject throughout their education.
C)there is no difference in scores among Indians living on and off the reservation.
D)science scores deteriorate as they advance through school.
24
As stated in "Culture Affects Reasoning, Categorization," researchers should consistently view culture as an independent variable.
A)True
B)False
25
As reported in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action," predictions about others' action timing are initially based on:
A)familiarity with visual cues from the others' performance.
B)generally accepted performance norms.
C)one's own simulated performance.
D)knowledge of others' timing mechanisms.
26
As noted in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action," research involving dart throwing found that participants:
A)could never accurately predict landing position.
B)could only accurately predict landing position when the thrower was an expert.
C)had a higher level of accuracy predicting landing position if the thrower was a close friend.
D)had the highest level of accuracy predicting landing position of their own throws.
27
As stated in "The Social Nature of Perception and Action," the way actions are represented depends on whether one has all possible actions at one's own command.
A)True
B)False
28
As given in "Perception of Faces and Bodies," children 18 months old differed from those 12 months old in that they looked longer at:
A)non-scrambled faces and scrambled bodies.
B)non-scrambled bodies and scrambled faces.
C)non-scrambled faces and bodies.
D)scrambled faces and bodies.
29
As noted in "Perception of Faces and Bodies," the disorder autopagnosia:
A)affects patients' ability to recognize specific body parts within the context of the whole body.
B)causes patients to be unable to recognize individual faces.
C)affects patients' ability to name specific components of complex objects.
D)affects the same area of the brain as prosopagnosia.
30
According to "Perception of Faces and Bodies," the caricature affect is the phenomenon in which a face with its distinctive features exaggerated is more difficult to recognize than the original face.
A)True
B)False
31
As noted in "Implicit Discrimination," the key insight about race in the Implicit Association Test is that:
A)no bias against any race can be detected.
B)response times have no bearing on bias.
C)amygdala activation was the same for black and white faces.
D)an implicit bias against African Americans shows up as a response-time differential.
32
As reported in "Implicit Discrimination," research on the question of whether or not implicit attitudes can be manipulated suggests that:
A)there is little malleability in implicit attitudes and associated behaviors.
B)exposure to photographs of admired African Americans led to decrease in anti-black implicit attitudes.
C)implicit attitudes can be reversed with simple manipulations of the situation.
D)positive black exemplars are not important attitude cues.
33
As pointed out in "Implicit Discrimination," research has found that African American cab drivers receive lower tips than white cab drivers.
A)True
B)False
34
As presented in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," sales at Tupperware parties are an example of the:
A)consistency principle.
B)bargaining principle.
C)authority principle.
D)liking principle.
35
Examples of simpatico, as given in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," include all of the following except:
A)dressing like the customers.
B)wearing buttons linked to hobbies.
C)encouraging guests to reuse towels.
D)commenting on common food aversions.
36
According to a study discussed in "The Science and Practice of Persuasion," waiters who drew smiley faces on their customers' checks significantly increased their average tip size.
A)True
B)False
37
According to "In Search of Pro-Americanism," the individual from among the following who is most likely to be pro-American is the:
A)left-wing German newspaper editor.
B)angry Arab radical demonstrating on the street.
C)Indian stockbroker.
D)French farmer.
38
As identified in "In Search of Pro-Americanism," the nation in Central Europe that is most pro-American is:
A)Bosnia.
B)Serbia.
C)Lithuania.
D)Poland.
39
As stated in "In Search of Pro-Americanism," around the world, the older people are, the more likely they are to be pro-American.
A)True
B)False
40
As reported in "Thin Slices" of Life," Tufts psychologist Nalini Ambady's research has found that students:
A)cannot assess quickly whether or not they will like a teacher.
B)are very accurate in their first impressions of teacher competence.
C)take a long time to assess teacher competence.
D)are better judges of teacher competence the longer they see the teachers.
41
As noted in "Thin Slices" of Life," the trait that strangers seem best at evaluating is:
A)agreeableness.
B)conscientiousness.
C)emotional stability.
D)extroversion.
42
As pointed out in "Thin Slices" of Life," there is no correlation between what students say about teachers and what they learn from them.
A)True
B)False
43
As noted in "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening," the good that could come out of the Abu Ghraib prison events is that public knowledge of them could:
A)end torture in the Middle East.
B)prompt UN involvement in ending torture around the world.
C)increase awareness of how to diagnose and treat torture.
D)accelerate the peace process in Iraq.
44
According to "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening," the most common mental illness diagnosed in torture survivors is:
A)schizophrenia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)agoraphobia.
D)depression.
45
As established in "Abu Ghraib Brings A Cruel Reawakening," torture usually leads to the gathering of reliable and accurate information from those tortured.
A)True
B)False
46
The most effective and subtle way to persuade people of something, as maintained in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" is to:
A)have high status.
B)befriend them.
C)give them a low estimate of what it will cost them.
D)let them believe they are persuading you.
47
By getting a person to do a small favor for you first, as noted in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" you:
A)decrease the chance that she will do you a bigger favor later.
B)increase the chance that she will do you a bigger favor later.
C)decrease the chance that she will ask you to do a favor for her.
D)increase the chance that she will ask you to do a favor for her.
48
As asserted in "Persuasion: What Will It Take to Convince You?" it is difficult for people to stop and reverse themselves once they have made a commitment to something.
A)True
B)False
49
As suggested in "Contagious Behavior," an example of "contagious behavior" might be:
A)catching pneumonia from a sick coworker.
B)responding with anger to an insult or offensive act.
C)feeling depressed while talking to a friend who is depressed.
D)laughing at a joke that others do not think is funny.
50
As presented in "Contagious Behavior," research shows that people are most likely to internalize the emotion that another person is:
A)describing.
B)displaying.
C)covering up.
D)thinking about.
51
As claimed in "Contagious Behavior," the phenomenon of contagious behavior can be used to cheer up a depressed person or make a sick person feel better.
A)True
B)False
52
As reported in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the Formation of Social Networks," in the study conducted by the authors:
A)four American companies were studied.
B)all the companies studied were for-profits.
C)what managers said did not match actual practice.
D)managers did not admit to employing fools.
53
As given in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the Formation of Social Networks," in the authors' study, the archetype that everyone wanted to work with was the:
A)lovable star.
B)incompetent jerk.
C)lovable fool.
D)competent jerk.
54
The research reviewed in "Competent Jerks, Lovable Fools, and the Formation of Social Networks" suggests that familiarity breeds contempt.
A)True
B)False
55
Probably the most important component of human beauty, as noted in "Isn't She Lovely?" is:
A)sexual selection.
B)natural selection.
C)learned behaviors.
D)societal norms.
56
According to "Isn't She Lovely?" psychologist Judith Langlois conducted probably the first modern experiment on human attractiveness, in which she determined that:
A)infants look longer at attractive faces.
B)men find women most attractive at the age of maximum fertility.
C)people judge hyperfeminized characteristics as more appealing than average ones.
D)women prefer a more masculinized face when they are ovulating than when they are at less fertile times in their cycle.
57
As stated in "Isn't She Lovely?" most psychologists agree that a deviation from the average explains attractiveness better than averageness does.
A)True
B)False
58
As identified in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You Click, Log On Here," the major types of online relationships nclude all of the following except:
A)relationships intended to find an offline sexual or romantic partner.
B)cyberflirting and cybersex.
C)informational relationships.
D)profound online-only romantic relationships.
59
In a survey cited in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You Click, Log On Here," people online most often changed their:
A)sexual orientation.
B)age.
C)race.
D)sex.
60
As stated in "If It's Easy Access That Really Makes You Click, Log On Here," one paradoxical feature of online romantic elationships is that they encourage deception and sincerity.
A)True
B)False
61
According to "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," the film Brokeback Mountain:
A)was directed by Martin Scorcese.
B)does not include any original music.
C)was interpreted differently by different writers and viewers.
D)was based on a novel by Larry McMurtry.
62
As related in "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," Brokeback Mountain was acclaimed as "as observant as a work by Bergman" by:
A)Robert Roten.
B)Rob Nelson.
C)Roger Ebert.
D)Ilene Serlin.
63
As reported in "Brokeback Mountain: A Gay and a Universal Love Story," the film Brokeback Mountain is set in the 1990s.
A)True
B)False
64
As discussed in "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma: Evolution of a Modern Classic," the original 1989 paper "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma" stated that:
A)stigmatized people are motivated to perceive prejudice against them.
B)explaining stigmatism as prejudice can protect self-esteem.
C)stigma, or prejudice, has no harmful consequences.
D)stigma is almost always self-protective.
65
A study by Brenda Major described in "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma: Evolution of a Modern Classic" found that women were less likely to think they had written a good essay when the man who praised their essay:
A)belonged to a different racial group.
B)could see they were attractive.
C)devalued women writers.
D)was offering low pay.
66
A study summarized in "The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma: Evolution of a Modern Classic" found that working women are underpaid, relative to men, but women are generally satisfied with their pay
A)True
B)False
67
The author of "Leaving Race Behind" suggests that Hispanic people in the United States:
A)should consider themselves a separate race.
B)are a conglomeration of ethnic groups.
C)must identify themselves as "Other" in the census.
D)will have more political clout if they accept their identification as white.
68
As identified in "Leaving Race Behind," factors that account for the changing proportion of Hispanics in the American population and political landscape include that:
A)immigration from Africa and Latin America is about the same.
B)Hispanics are more politically active than other minority groups.
C)Hispanics have more children that African Americans.
D)Hispanics view themselves as a separate race.
69
As pointed out in "Leaving Race Behind," in mid-nineteenth century America, Irish people were considered nonwhite.
A)True
B)False
70
According to "Lowered Expectations," Joshua Aronson's fourth grade teachers disliked him because of his:
A)nonconformity.
B)having come from another state.
C)long hair.
D)inability to keep up with the class.
71
As reported in "Lowered Expectations," in the research conducted by Steele and Aronson on the subject of stereotype threat, researchers found that:
A)no students were affected by the label attached to the test.
B)all students were affected by the label on the test.
C)white students did better when the test was labeled an intelligence test.
D)black students did worse when the test was labeled an intelligence test.
72
As noted in "Lowered Expectations," the National Center for Educational Statistics has found a black-white achievement gap for 40 years.
A)True
B)False
73
In a recent survey, as reported in "Change of Heart," the number of Americans who thought that the state of race relations was either very or somewhat good was about:
A)80 percent.
B)55 percent.
C)40 percent.
D)25 percent.
74
As brought out in "Change of Heart," most Americans believe that the civil rights movement has:
A)failed.
B)benefited all Americans.
C)delivered too many benefits to minorities.
D)received too much attention.
75
As pointed out in "Change of Heart," more whites than blacks believe that most of the goals of the civil rights movement have been achieved.
A)True
B)False
76
The author of "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students" argues that the most effective way to improve the achievement of black students is by:
A)working to build up an atmosphere of racial trust on campus.
B)looking at ways to improve their early years in school.
C)reassessing the fairness of standardized tests.
D)offering tutoring and plenty of extra help with classwork.
77
All of the following statements about the performance of African-American students are true, according to "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students," except that
A)the national college-dropout rate for blacks is much higher than that for whites.
B)black students do not perform as well as whites on standardized tests.
C)the grade-point average of black students is below that of whites.
D)black students who attend the most selective schools do not do as well in postgraduate programs and professional attainment as other students from those schools.
78
When the researchers whose findings are discussed in "Thin Ice: "Stereotype Threat" and Black College Students" administered a test to students but stressed that it did not measure intellectual ability, the black students still did not perform as well as the whites.
A)True
B)False
79
As reported in "A Bicultural Perspective on Worldviews," both Sunni and Shiaa Muslims believe:
A)that joy comes from Allah.
B)that the condemnation of Allah is worse than being condemned as a nonbeliever by society.
C)that this life is the only happiness that will be.
D)in total and categorical obedience to the faith.
80
In contrasting Sunnis and Shiaa, the author of "A Bicultural Perspective on Worldviews" notes that an important difference is that:
A)Shiaa believe in jihad as a struggle to learn more about their faith.
B)Shiaa believe that all of life is predetermined.
C)Sunnis do not take the Quran literally.
D)the Shiaa have more schools of thought within their view.
81
As stated in "A Bicultural Perspective on Worldviews," most teachings in Iraqi schools during the time of Saddam Hussein were from the Sunni ideology.
A)True
B)False
82
According to "Anger on the Road," as a result of his research on road rage, Colorado State University researcher Jerry Deffenbacher has concluded that:
A)it is not a serious problem.
B)it cannot be significantly reduced.
C)high-anger drivers take more risks on the road.
D)people never consider themselves high-anger drivers.
83
In the study on road rage interventions, as discussed in "Anger on the Road," researchers found that:
A)relaxation therapy was more effective.
B)relaxation cognitive therapy was more effective.
C)both therapies were equally effective.
D)neither therapy was effective.
84
As pointed out in "Anger on the Road," high-anger drivers are more likely to get into the car angry than other drivers.
A)True
B)False
85
As presented in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," all of the following are "bullying" except:
A)one student spreading rumors about another.
B)a fist-fight between two angry children.
C)stealing or damaging another child's property.
D)snapping a bra strap or pulling down pants.
86
As shown in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," bullying is linked to:
A)incidents of terrorism.
B)learning disabilities.
C)school shootings.
D)D.A.R.E. programs.
87
As given in "Bullying: It Isn't What It Used To Be," the adult version of bullying is called "harassment."
A)True
B)False
88
The authors of "Influencing, Negotiating Skills, and Conflict-Handling: Some Additional Research and Reflections" see negotiation as a subset of:
A)influencing.
B)compromise.
C)conflict-handling.
D)win-win interactive skills.
89
The six influencing strategies, as described in "Influencing, Negotiating Skills, and Conflict-Handling: Some Additional Research and Reflections," include all of the following except:
A)reason.
B)assertion.
C)courting favor.
D)clarity of focus.
90
The authors of "Influencing, Negotiating Skills, and Conflict-Handling: Some Additional Research and Reflections" postulate that negotiation works in almost every conflict-resolution situation.
A)True
B)False
91
As observed in "The Compassionate Instinct," research conducted by scientists at Emory University found that:
A)the brain does not react to the suffering of others.
B)helping others produces pleasure in the brain.
C)there is no biological basis for compassion.
D)compassion is an irrational emotion.
92
As noted in "The Compassionate Instinct," the author's research on compassion found that:
A)it has no connection to hormones.
B)people associate odors with emotions.
C)nonverbal communication has no role in compassion
D)it can be communicated through touch.
93
As pointed out in "The Compassionate Instinct," when experienced, compassion overwhelms selfish concerns.
A)True
B)False
94
As characterized in "Gift Giving's Hidden Strings," a healthy reason for people to give is because:
A)giving has tax benefits.
B)it makes them feel good.
C)they expect recognition.
D)they feel guilty about having so much.
95
As set forth in "Trends in the Social Psychological Study of Justice," social cooperation is made possible by:
A)an established legal system.
B)an assumption that others will be fair.
C)a basis of moral values.
D)use of currency.
96
During the 1960s and 1970s, as mentioned in "Trends in the Social Psychological Study of Justice," the primary guiding metaphor of justice research was:
A)the Golden Rule.
B)homo economicus.
C)procedural fairness.
D)the feel-good principle.
97
As defined in "Trends in the Social Psychological Study of Justice," "negative justice" is "what happens after wrongs have occurred."
A)True
B)False
98
According to "Seven Transformations of Leadership," the majority of the leaders surveyed were found to be:
A)Achievers.
B)Alchemists.
C)associated with above average performance.
D)associated with below average performance.
99
As reported in "Seven Transformations of Leadership," the least productive action logic is:
A)Strategists.
B)Experts.
C)Individualists.
D)Opportunists.
100
As noted in "Seven Transformations of Leadership," it is virtually impossible for a leader to transform from one action logic to another.
A)True
B)False
101
The author of "When Followers Become Toxic" makes all of the following statements about the majority except that:
A)the majority is often right.
B)the majority can be spectacularly wrong.
C)the majority should agree with the leader.
D)following the majority is often a good idea.
102
As given in "When Followers Become Toxic," all of the following statements about cognitive miserlinesss are true except that:
A)cognitive misers prefer automatic thinking
B)cognitive misers overemphasize economics.
C)cognitive miserliness can be reinforced by culture.
D)cognitive miserliness can endanger a corporation.
103
As asserted in "When Followers Become Toxic," successful leaders will encounter almost no opposition.
A)True
B)False
104
As related in "To Err Is Human," researchers in the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment concluded that when given unrestricted authority and power over others, people will:
A)yield to the inherent temptation to abuse underlings.
B)utilize that authority with responsibility and maturity.
C)identify with their underlings.
D)fail to identify with their underlings.
105
As noted in "To Err Is Human," recent research proposes a shift in focus from thinking of differing thought patterns and behaviors as errant to considering that:
A)the differences in individuals are what make life so interesting.
B)those with "errant" behaviors are actually the normal ones.
C)these behaviors may have practical advantages.
D)these behaviors cannot be helped and are therefore a natural part of life.
106
As reported in "To Err Is Human," the proportion of people attempting to aid a person in need is inversely related to the number of bystanders around.
A)True
B)False
107
As presented in "Senate Intelligence Report: Groupthink Viewed as Culprit in Move to War," the "symptoms" of groupthink include all of the following except:
A)pressure to conform.
B)offering of collective wisdom.
C)members have an illusion of invulnerability.
D)belief in the inherent morality of the group.
108
According to "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic Behavior," Murray State University researcher Daniel Wann has found that high identification with a team is associated with high levels of:
A)alienation.
B)loneliness.
C)positive emotion.
D)negative emotion.
109
In discussing those who identify themselves as Chicago Cubs fans, the author of "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic Behavior" notes that:
A)the Cubs are the team their fans love to hate.
B)Cubs fans are drawn to the experience of seeing the game.
C)Cubs fans are preternaturally optimistic.
D)the consistently excellent team explains the fervor of Cubs fans.
110
As pointed out in "Sports Complex: The Science Behind Fanatic Behavior," the vast majority of fans attend games with friends.
A)True
B)False







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