1 In 2010 the US Supreme court decided that corporations canA) spend unlimited amounts of money to sway public policy to best serve their own goals. B) encourage compromise to balance the competing interests between shareholders and the environment. C) use rules to assure the civility of their shareholder meetings. D) lose their corporate charter because corporate power needs to be removed from politics. 2 Criticisms of the rational cost-benefit analysis model of determining policy include concerns thatA) it is difficult for scientific data to be brought into play. B) costs of implementing policies determined in this manner would typically be higher than produced by other models. C) many conflicting needs can not be validly compared. D) all of the above. 3 After problem identification, the chronology of events in the policy development cycle isA) develop proposals, then build support, then enact law, and then implement policy. B) develop proposals, then enact law, then implement policy, and then build support. C) build support, then develop proposals, then enact law and then implement policy. D) develop proposals, then enact law, then build support and then implement policy. 4 NEPA requires an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for everyA) state and local action potentially affecting the environment. B) federal project having possible environmental side effects. C) proposal that would increase pollution of the nation's air or water. D) federal project having significant consequences for environmental quality. 5 A President's decision to require sport utility vehicles to meet the same emission standards as passenger cars would illustrateA) administrative law. B) statute law. C) case law. D) all of the above. 6 Environmental law is created by which branch(s) of government?A) Executive B) Judicial C) Legislative D) all of the above 7 A legislative rider isA) a device whereby legislators attach to unrelated bills amendments that lacked enough public support to become law on their own. B) a special amendment that can be added to a bill only with unanimous consent of the legislative body. C) a means by which the judicial branch of government can modify a law passed by Congress. D) a congressional staff method of moving bills between subcommittees. 8 The Superfund ActA) funds the remediation of abandoned toxic sites. B) avoids establishing liability. C) was not established until 2006. D) none of the above. 9 SLAPP suits are designed toA) get to the factual basis of a prior court case to overturn a more recent court decision. B) intimidate citizens to keep them from taking businesses to court. C) obtain significant court-ordered punitive damages. D) embarrass polluting corporations. 10 K-street Lobbyists typically try to influence policy development by maximizing objective public evaluation of their ideas.A) TRUE B) FALSE 11 One of NEPA's major failures is that it does not require federal agencies to evaluate environmental consequences in their decision-making process.A) TRUE B) FALSE 12 An effective way to influence a legislator is through personal contact.A) TRUE B) FALSE 13 The right of a person or group to participate in a court trial is known as standing.A) TRUE B) FALSE 14 In a landmark case, the US Supreme Court ruled that the Sierra Club could not represent the environment in a lawsuit because it failed to show how the club's members (not the environment) would be materially affected.A) TRUE B) FALSE 15 Much of the U.S. federal regulatory structure set up in the 1970's to protect the environment has been enforced by subsequent presidents.A) TRUE B) FALSE 16 Groups and individuals can attempt to persuade legislators to vote in a certain way via lobbying.A) TRUE B) FALSE 17 Examples of types of public events that can be used to sway the opinions of decision makers includeA) protests B) marches C) street theater D) All of the above. 18 The first judge to hear a case on a certain issue interprets the law, makes a decision, and sets a(n) _______, which will be used as an example in subsequent trials.A) antecedent B) precedent C) exemplar D) paradigm 19 A 1990 ban by the United States on the import of tuna and shrimp that were caught in nets that also killed dolphins and sea turtles wasA) adopted by all of the industrialized nations in Europe and North America B) influential in getting many nations to better regulate their fishing practices C) expanded to prevent the killing of whales for research. D) overruled by the World Trade Organization resulting in the continued slaughter of dolphins and sea turtles. 20 Adaptive management allows us to ______.A) monitor how conditions are changing B) adapt our policies to the unexpected C) learn by doing D) All of the above