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1 | | In an estuary, _____ is low while _____ usually is high. |
| | A) | Biodiversity, primary production |
| | B) | Primary production, biodiversity |
| | C) | Biomass, competition |
| | D) | Freshwater flow, transparency |
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2 | | An estuarine salt wedge is formed by a layer of seawater flowing on top of the outflowing freshwater. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | Coastal plain estuaries are far more common on passive margins of continents than on active margins. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | | As a general rule, fjords are found |
| | A) | Along the Gulf of Mexico. |
| | B) | Where river valleys were drowned. |
| | C) | In cold places. |
| | D) | In areas with earthquakes. |
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5 | | In Northern Hemisphere estuaries, marine organisms can penetrate farther upstream on the left side (when facing land) due to the Coriolis effect on water flow. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | | Along the Caribbean coast of Mexico, some coastal lagoons have stratified water-fresh above, salty below--with no mixing. Why might this be so? |
| | A) | Very low tidal range |
| | B) | The fresh water is colder than the seawater |
| | C) | The fresh water does not flow downstream |
| | D) | The seawater has the same density as fresh water |
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7 | | The Bay of Fundy in eastern Canada is an estuary with extremely strong tidal currents. Why might this be so? |
| | A) | It is a negative estuary. |
| | B) | It is short and wide. |
| | C) | There is no Coriolis effect that far north. |
| | D) | It is long and narrow. |
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8 | | Estuary bottoms are usually sandy due to medium-sized sediment particles deposited by both the tide and river. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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9 | | A deep-water channel dredged in a shallow estuary may contain stagnant water. This is because |
| | A) | The deeper water is more salty. |
| | B) | The deeper water is more dense. |
| | C) | Bacteria do not carry on composition in deeper water. |
| | D) | The shallow areas act as a sill that restricts circulation. |
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10 | | In the sediments of mudflats, oxygenated areas can be found |
| | A) | Only above the sediments, in the water column. |
| | B) | Along burrows of shrimp. |
| | C) | Where organic matter accumulates. |
| | D) | Where bacteria are common. |
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11 | | Detritus produced in estuarine communities stays within that estuary and does not enter the open ocean or other adjacent communities. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | | Primary producers of mud flats include |
| | A) | Seagrasses. |
| | B) | Salt grass. |
| | C) | Benthic diatoms. |
| | D) | Brown algae. |
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13 | | Survival of osmoconforming animals is benefited by burrowing in the sediment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | The majority of the infauna of a mud flat feed on |
| | A) | Diatoms. |
| | B) | Green algae. |
| | C) | Detritus. |
| | D) | Particles suspended in the water. |
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15 | | To survive in an estuary, a filter-feeding crab must have a means to |
| | A) | Catch the small amount of organic matter in the area. |
| | B) | Clean mud off its filtering mechanism and gills. |
| | C) | Shade its eyes from bright light. |
| | D) | Deal with hypersaline water. |
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16 | | Many of the fishes of estuaries are juvenile forms that return to the sea in adulthood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | A year-round inhabitant of an estuary is which fish? |
| | A) | Salmon |
| | B) | Anchovy |
| | C) | Killifish |
| | D) | Leopard shark |
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18 | | Shorebirds may specialize on mudflat prey at specific depths due to each bird species' particular shape and length of beak. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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19 | | Fiddler crabs are used to study all of these topics but which one? |
| | A) | Biological clocks |
| | B) | Effects of predation on mussels |
| | C) | Color changes |
| | D) | Behavior |
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20 | | Clams of mud flats often have |
| | A) | The ability to dig quickly into sand. |
| | B) | Short, fringed siphons. |
| | C) | Shells cemented to the sea floor. |
| | D) | Long siphons. |
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21 | | Cat-tails (Typha) are plants of freshwater marshes, but they can be found at the extreme upper (landward) end of an estuary. Cat-tails are |
| | A) | Euryhaline. |
| | B) | Stenohaline. |
| | C) | Eurythermal. |
| | D) | Osmoregulators. |
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22 | | Fleshy plants dilute the salts they take up by accumulating large amounts of water. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | Kelps and other large algae dominate salt-marsh communities on the edges of estuaries. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | Salt-marsh plants typically grow on the fringes of estuaries where their tops are exposed to air even at high tide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | As sediment builds up around bases of cordgrass, this plant may give way to |
| | A) | Pickleweed. |
| | B) | Enteromorpha. |
| | C) | Mangroves. |
| | D) | Eelgrass. |
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26 | | All of the following can be found on or near mangroves except for which one? |
| | A) | Sponges |
| | B) | Crabs |
| | C) | Ribbed mussel |
| | D) | Mudskipper |
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27 | | Mangrove forests can be considered to be the tropical equivalent of salt marshes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | A luxurious new condominium is built on land created by dumping soil and other fill on top of a salt marsh. The fishing near the condominium rapidly becomes poor. Which of these reasons probably is NOT why there are fewer fish? |
| | A) | A nursery area has been destroyed. |
| | B) | Food sources for small fish and their prey have been destroyed. |
| | C) | Local water circulation has changed. |
| | D) | The people who inhabit the condominium caught all of them. |
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