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1 | | Coral polyps in a single coral colony typically form when many larvae are attracted to settle in the same location. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | | Which of these do not have zooxanthellae? |
| | A) | Black corals |
| | B) | Gorgonians |
| | C) | Soft corals |
| | D) | Fire corals |
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3 | | In the polyps of a colony, which parts are not shared among the polyps? |
| | A) | Skeleton |
| | B) | Digestive system |
| | C) | Nervous system |
| | D) | Tentacles |
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4 | | Reefs are built by corals with both calcium carbonate skeletons and hard protein skeletons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | | If a coral has no tentacles, it probably |
| | A) | Has no zooxanthellae. |
| | B) | Uses mucus to catch zooplankton. |
| | C) | Uses its mouth to engulf prey. |
| | D) | Cannot survive long. |
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6 | | Generally, it is thought that coral cnidarians cannot form massive reefs without their zooxanthellae symbionts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | The ridge at the outer edge of a Pacific reef is made up of |
| | A) | Branched algae. |
| | B) | Fire corals. |
| | C) | Encrusting coralline algae. |
| | D) | low-growing corals. |
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8 | | Among the most common components of sediment by a reef are |
| | A) | Shells of clams. |
| | B) | Dead forams. |
| | C) | Sponge spicules. |
| | D) | Remnants of Halimeda. |
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9 | | When seawater is too warm, corals may undergo |
| | A) | Fragmentation. |
| | B) | Bleaching. |
| | C) | Extrusion of mesenterial filaments. |
| | D) | Mucus production. |
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10 | | In a fringing reef, the reef slope and crest have less growth than does the reef flat because the flat is more protected. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | | A biologist is alarmed to see that a coral reef is being overgrown by algae. Grazing fishes are abundant in the area. What may be causing the overgrowth? |
| | A) | Sedimentation from dredging |
| | B) | Decreased salinity |
| | C) | Sewage pollution |
| | D) | Overfishing |
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12 | | A diver swims over an area of coral projections and sand channels. This is an example of |
| | A) | spur-and-groove formation. |
| | B) | A drop-off. |
| | C) | A black-reef slope. |
| | D) | A reef crest. |
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13 | | The most widely accepted explanation for atoll reef formation was developed by Charles Darwin in the mid-1800s. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | The fore-reef of an atoll |
| | A) | is shallow. |
| | B) | Has a poorly-developed algal ridge. |
| | C) | Is nearly vertical. |
| | D) | Is inhabited by corals all the way to the bottom. |
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15 | | Cyanobacteria are thought to be the most important producers on a coral reef. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | In some cases, soft corals can constitute up to half of the living tissue on a coral reef. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | The zooxanthellae of corals may pick up nutrients from |
| | A) | Fishes. |
| | B) | Phytoplankton. |
| | C) | Surface waters. |
| | D) | Benthic algae. |
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18 | | The most aggressive corals are |
| | A) | fast-growing. |
| | B) | Branching. |
| | C) | Massive. |
| | D) | bad-tasting. |
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19 | | The lottery hypothesis proposes that whichever species of fish dominates a patch of reef is largely a matter of luck. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | According to the post-settlement hypothesis of species composition of reef fishes, |
| | A) | Competition is relatively unimportant. |
| | B) | The nature of reef fish communities is determined by the availability of fish larvae. |
| | C) | Fishes avoid competitive exclusion. |
| | D) | For fishes, ecological niches overlap considerably. |
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21 | | In areas of reefs where there are lots of sea urchins (Diadema), |
| | A) | Coralline algae are rare. |
| | B) | Triton snails have been over-collected. |
| | C) | There are dense masts of filamentous algae. |
| | D) | Seaweed populations tend to remain stable. |
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22 | | Algae normally do not overgrow coral cnidarians on a reef because low nutrient levels and herbivory keep the algae in check. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | Common animal symbionts of corals are |
| | A) | Cyanobacteria. |
| | B) | Photosynthetic bacteria. |
| | C) | Crustaceans. |
| | D) | Parrotfishes. |
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24 | | Parrotfishes, sea urchins, and small invertebrates such as polychaetes are all important reef herbivores. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | To avoid ciguatera poisoning, don't eat |
| | A) | Lobsters. |
| | B) | Barracuda. |
| | C) | Sardines. |
| | D) | Shrimp cocktail. |
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26 | | Hermatypic refers to these reef animals: |
| | A) | Corals that build reef formations. |
| | B) | Corals with largely proteinaceous skeletons. |
| | C) | Corals with zooxanthellae. |
| | D) | Corals in deep water. |
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27 | | The following is an important feature of encrusting coralline algae on a tropical reef: |
| | A) | They grow on sediment and cement it in place, helping reef formation. |
| | B) | They are less wave-resistant than are stony corals. |
| | C) | They form calcium carbonate but contribute only a few percent to reef growth. |
| | D) | They grow best in deep water by using accessory pigments for photosynthesis. |
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28 | | The following are conditions optimal for most coral reef growth: |
| | A) | Clear, shallow water, usually above 20 degrees C, and the hotter the better. |
| | B) | Clear, high nutrient water above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees C. |
| | C) | Clear, deep water above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees C. |
| | D) | Clear, shallow water usually above 20 degrees C but below about 35 degrees |
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29 | | Deep-water coral communities tend to accumulate |
| | A) | Coral fragments. |
| | B) | Mud. |
| | C) | Coralline algae. |
| | D) | Lots of fishes. |
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30 | | The reefs of Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii were severely affected by all of these except |
| | A) | Sewage leading to eutrophication. |
| | B) | Overgrowth by algae. |
| | C) | Hurricane damage to pollution-damaged reef skeletons. |
| | D) | Changes in water temperature. |
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31 | | Corals compete for space on a reef by all of these means except |
| | A) | Growing upward rapidly then outward, shading out competitors. |
| | B) | Killing their rivals with mesenterial filaments that digest tissue. |
| | C) | Killing their rivals with specialized nematocyst-laden tentacles. |
| | D) | Storing distasteful compounds in their tissues. |
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32 | | A no-take reserve will be an effective way to rebuild fish stocks for fishing near the reserve if |
| | A) | Fish stay in the reserve. |
| | B) | Fish move in and out of the reserve all the time. |
| | C) | The location of the reserve is set by public opinion. |
| | D) | Juvenile fishes move out of the reserve. |
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