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1 | | The mesopelagic, which is characterized by no sunlight, begins at about 200 m deep. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | | The three zones of the deep sea in increasing depth are: |
| | A) | Bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadal |
| | B) | Mesopelagic, epipelagic, abyssopelagic |
| | C) | Abyssopelagic, hadal, Bathypelagic, |
| | D) | Epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic |
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3 | | The Deep Sea Benthos is always below the hadopelagic zone. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | | Nautilus achieves neutral buoyancy through |
| | A) | Removing ions from chambers in its shell. |
| | B) | Moving lipids between chambers in its shell. |
| | C) | Jet propulsion. |
| | D) | A thin, light shell. |
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5 | | Mesopelagic organisms are dominated by |
| | A) | Cnidarians, chaetognaths, crustaceans, fishes, and squids. |
| | B) | Diatoms, copepods, chaetognaths, and fishes. |
| | C) | Copepods, cephalopods, and large fishes. |
| | D) | Medusae, ctenophores, copepods, and squids. |
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6 | | A biologist takes a surface plankton tow at night. Which of these animals caught in the tow surely is a vertically migrating mesopelagic animal? |
| | A) | A chaetognath |
| | B) | A squid with photophores |
| | C) | A filter-feeding fish colored dark above and light below |
| | D) | The larval stage of a barnacle |
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7 | | The most common fish species of the mesopelagic is characterized by a small size, many sharp teeth, and a row of ventral (belly) photophores. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | | A whalefish is a mesopelagic fish with no scales, weak bones, and flabby flesh. What can you conclude about its lifestyle? |
| | A) | It migrates vertically. |
| | B) | It must be an active swimmer. |
| | C) | It eats detritus. |
| | D) | It is a sit-and-wait predator. |
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9 | | Vertically migrating mesopelagic animals encounter |
| | A) | Large changes in temperature. |
| | B) | Anoxic water below the thermocline. |
| | C) | High primary productivity at depth. |
| | D) | No light at all. |
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10 | | Unlike epipelagic fishes, some midwater fishes with tubular eyes have |
| | A) | Two tiny eyes. |
| | B) | A retina only at the back of the eye. |
| | C) | Poor vision in any direction. |
| | D) | Good vision in dim light. |
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11 | | The sonar echoes of the Deep Sea Layer (DSL) are due to |
| | A) | Exoskeletons of shrimp. |
| | B) | Bones in fishes. |
| | C) | gas-filled swim bladders. |
| | D) | Shells of pteropods. |
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12 | | Bioluminescence can have a role in all of these functions except which one? |
| | A) | Mate attraction |
| | B) | Confusing predators |
| | C) | Orienting to the surface during vertical migration |
| | D) | Luring prey |
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13 | | Notostomus is a shrimp with tiny eyes, huge gills, a soft exoskeleton, and a bright red color. Where might it live? |
| | A) | In the mesopelagic zone |
| | B) | At or near the oxygen minimum zone |
| | C) | On the sea floor |
| | D) | By hydrothermal vents |
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14 | | In an experiment with a mesopelagic shrimp with blinders, the animal increased the light output of its ventral (underside) photophores when exposed to brighter light. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | | Bathypelagic fishes usually have photophores on the head and sides of the body instead of on the ventral surface. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | Fishes of the deep pelagic, such as the anglerfish, cruise constantly in search of scarce food. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | To find a mate, a male deep-sea anglerfish uses |
| | A) | Color patterns. |
| | B) | Light patterns from rows of photophores. |
| | C) | A powerful sense of smell. |
| | D) | Touch. |
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18 | | Even if it can tolerate low food concentration and cold water, a fish from the epipelagic realm would die at extreme depths because of the effects of |
| | A) | Low oxygen. |
| | B) | Pressure. |
| | C) | Salinity changes. |
| | D) | Stratification. |
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19 | | The Oxygen Minimum Layer results from respiration and bacterial decay coupled with lack of photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | Like most benthic life in the oceans, deep-sea benthic invertebrates typically produce millions of larvae that drift in the epipelagic plankton before settling down as adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | In fishes, bioluminescence is produced by |
| | A) | Special glands. |
| | B) | Ink sacs. |
| | C) | Photophores. |
| | D) | Chromatophores. |
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22 | | Which is a feature of the animals of the deep sea benthos? |
| | A) | All are much smaller than shallow-water species. |
| | B) | They always move slowly, even if a large piece of food is nearby. |
| | C) | They have short life spans. |
| | D) | They often have few, large eggs. |
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23 | | Among the most common large deep-sea benthic deposit feeders are |
| | A) | Sea cucumbers. |
| | B) | Sea spiders. |
| | C) | Sponges. |
| | D) | Ostracods. |
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24 | | Which of these animals probably lives on the deep-sea floor? |
| | A) | A small, thin fish with large teeth and rows of photophores |
| | B) | A shrimp carrying several hundred small eggs |
| | C) | A suspension-feeding clam |
| | D) | A scavenging amphipod with an expandable gut |
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25 | | Unusual shrimp found around some Atlantic hydrothermal vents have light-sensitive patches on their upper surface that may help them find vents. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | A species accumulation curve has been used to predict that the number of possible Deep Sea Benthos species is |
| | A) | 1,000 – 10,000. |
| | B) | 10,000 – 100,000. |
| | C) | 100,000 – 1,000,000. |
| | D) | 1,000,000 – 10,000,000. |
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27 | | Hydrogen sulfide and oxygen at the hydrothermal vents can be considered analogous to water and sunlight in photosynthesis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | At cooler vents associated with trenches, one can find thick mats of archaea and bacteria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | Primary producers at hydrothermal vents include |
| | A) | Psychrophilic bacteria. |
| | B) | Cyanobacteria. |
| | C) | Chemosynthetic archaea. |
| | D) | Decomposing bacteria. |
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30 | | Shrimp at hydrothermal vents |
| | A) | Do not feed, but rely on symbiotic bacteria for nutrition. |
| | B) | Filter-feed on bacteria in the water column. |
| | C) | Eat tube worms. |
| | D) | Digest microbes scraped from minerals. |
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