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1 | | Food from the sea represents nearly half of all food eaten by humans. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2 | | Most of the world's fishing people are employed in high-tech fishing fleets. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | Seafood is very important to people because |
| | A) | It can be cooked easily. |
| | B) | It is rich in protein. |
| | C) | It represents over 25% of all the food we eat. |
| | D) | It represents a resource that shows no sign of being overexploited. |
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4 | | The highest catches of finfish are for |
| | A) | Herring, sardines, and related fishes. |
| | B) | Tuna. |
| | C) | Salmon. |
| | D) | Cods. |
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5 | | If one looks at the world commercial catches of seafood, the total amounts |
| | A) | Have fluctuated widely between years. |
| | B) | Peaked in 1990 and then declined. |
| | C) | Are still increasing. |
| | D) | Are about one-half of what they were in 1975. |
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6 | | Cods of the Grand and Georges Banks off eastern Canada and the northeastern United States once provided one of the richest fisheries in the world but now are nearly gone. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | Clupeid fishes are used to produce all of these products except |
| | A) | Fish flour. |
| | B) | Protein supplements for livestock feeds. |
| | C) | Gourmet food. |
| | D) | Fertilizer. |
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8 | | The commercial cod fishery |
| | A) | Has collapsed just about everywhere. |
| | B) | Continues in the seas off Norway. |
| | C) | Has been reopened at Georges Bank. |
| | D) | May be reopened off the U.S.A., thanks to good survival of juvenile cod. |
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9 | | In a very large population of fish, |
| | A) | The population growth rate is at its maximum. |
| | B) | The population growth rate has no natural means to keep it in check. |
| | C) | Competition can slow the growth rate. |
| | D) | Small harvests have no effect on the population. |
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10 | | The maximum sustainable yield for a fishery usually occurs when the harvested species population is at its highest possible level. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | | The maximum sustainable yield of a harvested fish population depends on all of these except |
| | A) | The size and age of fish caught. |
| | B) | The reproductive and growth rates and lifespans of the fish. |
| | C) | Interactions with competing species. |
| | D) | Whether the fish is demersal or pelagic. |
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12 | | Even if fishing is stopped on an overexploited species, it may not recover its population levels because of all of these factors but which one? |
| | A) | Irregular natural cycles |
| | B) | Competition from other species |
| | C) | Predation on young |
| | D) | Ability to speed up its growth rate. |
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13 | | If only the largest fish in a population are caught, the population may decline because |
| | A) | These are the most competitive fish. |
| | B) | These produce more eggs than small ones. |
| | C) | Smaller fish eat more food than big ones. |
| | D) | Smaller fish will escape from nets and never return to the area where they were caught. |
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14 | | The term by-catch refers to currently underutilized species of marine animals caught when valuable species of animals are caught. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | | Recent studies have shown that around 90% of the original stocks of large-size marine fishes remain. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | Peru is one of the top fisheries countries because the Peruvian anchovy fisheries have been well managed since the 1950s. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | Fisheries in the EEZ of the U.S.A. are managed by |
| | A) | Banning fishing vessels of all foreign nations. |
| | B) | Setting limits on mesh sizes of nets. |
| | C) | Strictly following free-market forces. |
| | D) | Maintaining an open fishery. |
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18 | | Overexploitation of cod in the North Atlantic has led to new fisheries for mackerel, which are eaten by cod. This is an example of |
| | A) | Use of by-catch. |
| | B) | Fishing lower on the trophic pyramid. |
| | C) | A small-scale local fishery. |
| | D) | Ecological replacement. |
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19 | | Open mariculture refers to the practice of raising marine organisms in enclosures that are open to more-or-less natural conditions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | Open mariculture is used to grow |
| | A) | Animals under domestic conditions. |
| | B) | Fishes that can be bred and raised through their planktonic life cycle stages. |
| | C) | Oysters and seaweeds. |
| | D) | Sterile animals. |
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21 | | Unlike most harvested marine animals, the large numbers of krill around Antarctica are continuing to provide an increasing harvest each year. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | Salmon ranching relies on the ability of salmon to return to the site where they were hatched after maturing at sea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | Mariculture today is mostly used to grow luxury foods instead of cheap fish for the world's poor. This is because |
| | A) | Fish suitable for mariculture do not live near poor countries. |
| | B) | It is only in the past 100 years that anyone has tried to raise marine organisms in ponds. |
| | C) | No one has considered using biotechnology to improve yields from mariculture. |
| | D) | It requires expensive machinery and trained personnel. |
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24 | | Recreational fisheries can damage fish stocks because they |
| | A) | Waste fish. |
| | B) | Take almost as many fishes as commercial fisheries. |
| | C) | Target and deplete large predatory fishes. |
| | D) | Tend to stay near shore. |
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25 | | A potential biomedical product that has turned out to be ineffective is |
| | A) | An extract of seaweeds, used to inhibit growth of tumors. |
| | B) | An adhesive from bacteria, used to seal wounds. |
| | C) | A toxin from puffers, used as a painkiller. |
| | D) | Shark cartilage, used to halt development of cancer. |
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26 | | Medically useful compounds are being found in soft, immobile marine animals because these animals often defend themselves with noxious biochemicals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | Desalination currently is being used in a few countries such as Saudi Arabia. What prevents it from being used to produce drinking water in arid parts of the U.S.A.? |
| | A) | The technology still is being developed. |
| | B) | Seawater must be pumped from great depths. |
| | C) | Reverse osmosis cannot be used in small-scale projects. |
| | D) | It is expensive. |
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28 | | Evaporation of seawater to concentrate its minerals has been a technique used for centuries to obtain NaCl. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | Manganese nodules are mounds of minerals created at the hydrothermal vents when hot water encounters cold seawater, triggering mineral precipitation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | Manganese nodules on the seafloor may be economically useful because they contain not only manganese but other metals such as copper and cobalt. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | To generate electricity from tidal energy, modern schemes require |
| | A) | A means to create a difference in water temperature. |
| | B) | Pumping nutrient-rich water from the depths. |
| | C) | Evaporating seawater. |
| | D) | Constructing barriers across narrow bays. |
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32 | | Navigation buoys can be powered by |
| | A) | Thermal gradients. |
| | B) | Wave energy. |
| | C) | Tidal energy. |
| | D) | Methane. |
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33 | | Ocean thermal energy conversion is a technique that works best if the surface waters are much warmer than deeper waters, such as where there is a strong thermocline. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | | Offshore oil production involves all of these facilities but which one? |
| | A) | Platforms |
| | B) | Pipelines |
| | C) | Dredges |
| | D) | Drilling ships |
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