Lester M. Sdorow,
Arcadia University
Cheryl A. Rickabaugh,
University of Redlands
| achievement motive | The desire for mastery, excellence, and accomplishment.
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| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder marked by self-starvation.
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| arousal motive | The motive to maintain an optimal level of physiological activation.
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| basal metabolic rate | The rate at which the body burns calories just to keep itself alive.
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| bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder marked by binging and purging.
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| cognitive-evaluation theory | The theory that a person's intrinsic motivation will increase when a reward is perceived as a source of information but will decrease when a reward is perceived as an attempt to exert control.
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| drive | A state of psychological tension induced by a need.
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| drive-reduction theory | The theory that behavior is motivated by the need to reduce drives such as sex or hunger.
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| extrinsic motivation | The desire to perform a behavior in order to obtain an external reward, such as praise, grades, or money.
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| gonads | The male and female sex glands.
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| hierarchy of needs | Abraham Maslow's arrangement of needs in the order of their motivational priority, ranging from physiological needs to the needs for self-actualization and transcendence.
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| homeostasis | A steady state of physiological equilibrium.
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| incentive | An external stimulus that pulls an individual toward a goal.
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| instinct | A complex, inherited behavior pattern characteristic of a species.
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| intrinsic motivation | The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.
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| motivation | The psychological process that arouses, directs, and maintains behavior toward a goal.
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| need | A motivated state caused by physiological deprivation, such as a lack of food or water.
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| obesity | A body weight more than 20 percent above the norm for one's height and build.
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| overjustification theory | The theory that an extrinsic reward will decrease intrinsic motivation when a person attributes her or his performance to that reward.
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| sensation seeking | The extent to which an individual seeks sensory stimulation.
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| set point | A specific body weight that the brain tries to maintain through the regulation of diet, activity, and metabolism.
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| sexual orientation | A person's pattern of erotic attraction to persons of the same sex, opposite sex, or both sexes.
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| sexual response cycle | During sexual activity, the phases of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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| sociobiology | The study of the hereditary basis of human and animal social behavior.
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| Yerkes-Dodson law | The principle that the relationship between arousal and performance is best represented by an inverted U-shaped curve.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education