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self- : Sense of self; descriptive and evaluative mental picture of one's abilities and traits. |
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self- : Cluster of characteristics used to describe oneself. |
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single : In neo-Piagetian terminology, first stage in development of self-definition, in which children describe themselves in terms of individual, unconnected characteristics and in all-or-nothing terms. |
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real self: The self one actually . Compare ideal self. |
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ideal self: The self one would like to . Compare real self. |
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representational : In neo-Piagetian terminology, the second stage in development of self-definition, in which a child makes logical connections between aspects of the self but still sees these characteristics in all-or-nothing terms. |
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versus : In Erikson's theory, the third crisis in psychosocial development, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6, in which children must balance the urge to pursue goals with the moral reservations that may prevent carrying them out. |
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self- : The judgment a person makes about his or her self-worth. |
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: Awareness, developed in early childhood, that one is male or female. |
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differences: Psychological or behavioral differences between males and females. |
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: Behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and traits that a culture considers appropriate for males or for females. |
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: Socialization process by which children, at an early age, learn behavior deemed appropriate by the culture for a boy or girl. |
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: Exaggerated generalizations about male or female role behavior. |
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: In Freudian theory, the process by which a young child adopts characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors of the parent of the same sex. |
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gender , or sex- : Awareness that one will always be male or female. |
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gender- theory: Theory, proposed by Bem, that children socialize themselves in their gender roles by developing a concept of what it means to be male or female in a particular culture. |
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gender : In Bem's theory, a pattern of behavior organized around gender. |
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social play: Play in which children, to varying degrees, interact with other . |
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play: Forms of play that reveal children's mental development. |
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play: Play involving imaginary people or situations; also called fantasy play, dramatic play, symbolic play, or imaginative play. |
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discipline: Tool for socialization, which includes methods of molding children's character and of teaching them to exercise self- and engage in acceptable behavior. |
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authoritarian: In Baumrind's terminology, parenting style emphasizing control and . Compare authoritative and permissive. |
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permissive: In Baumrind's terminology, parenting style emphasizing self- and self-regulation. Compare authoritarian and authoritative. |
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authoritative: In Baumrind's terminology, parenting style blending respect for a child's with an effort to instill social values. Compare authoritarian and permissive. |
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altruism, or prosocial behavior Behavior intended to help others without external . |
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aggression: Aggressive behavior used as a means of achieving a goal. |
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aggression: Aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education