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: Union of sperm and ovum to produce a zygote; also called conception. |
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zygote: One-celled organism resulting from . |
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dizygotic (two-egg) twins: Twins conceived by the union of two different ova (or a single ovum that has split) with two different sperm cells within a brief period of time; also called twins. |
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monozygotic (one-egg) twins: Twins resulting from the division of a single zygote after fertilization; also called twins. |
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: Person's characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations. |
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: Inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying. |
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artificial insemination: Injection of sperm into a woman's in order to enable her to conceive. |
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fertilization: Fertilization of an ovum outside the mother's body. |
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ovum : Method of fertilization in which a woman who cannot produce normal ova receives an ovum donated by fertile women. |
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motherhood: Method of conception in which a woman who is not married to a man agrees to bear his baby and then give the child to the father and his mate. |
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: a genetic copy of an individual. |
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: Basic functional unit of heredity that contains all inherited material passed from biological parents to children. |
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): Chemical of which genes are composed that controls the / of body cells. |
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: One of 46 rod-shaped structures that carry the genes. |
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: The 22 pairs of chromosomes not related to sexual expression. |
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sex chromosomes: Pair of chromosomes that determines sex: XX in the normal female, in the normal male. |
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: Paired genes (alike or different) that affect a particular trait. |
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homozygous: Possessing two alleles for a trait. |
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heterozygous: Possessing alleles for a trait. |
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dominant inheritance: Pattern of inheritance in which, when an individual receives contradictory alleles for a trait, only the dominant one is . |
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recessive inheritance: Pattern of inheritance in which an individual receives recessive alleles from both parents, resulting in expression of a recessive (nondominant) trait. |
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inheritance: Interaction of several sets of genes to produce a complex trait. |
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transmission: Combination of genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits. |
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phenotype: characteristics of a person. |
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: Genetic makeup of a person, containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics. |
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sex-linked inheritance: Pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring. |
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Down syndrome: Chromosomal disorder characterized by moderate-to-severe mental and by such physical signs as a downward-sloping skin fold at the inner corners of the eyes. |
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counseling: Clinical service that advises couples of their probable risk of having children with particular hereditary defects. |
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testing: Procedure for ascertaining a person's makeup for purposes of identifying predispositions to specific hereditary diseases or disorders. |
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behavioral genetics: Quantitative study of relative genetic and environmental on behavioral and psychological traits. |
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heritability: Statistical estimate of contribution of heredity to individual differences in a specific within a given population. |
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concordant: Term describing who share the same trait or disorder. |
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: Potential variability, depending on environmental conditions, in the expression of a hereditary trait. |
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: Limitation on variance of expression pf certain inherited characteristics. |
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genotype-environment : The portion of phenotypic variation that results from the reactions of genetically different individuals to similar environmental conditions. |
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genotype-environment : Tendency of certain genetic and environmental influences to occur together; may be passive, reactive (evocative), or active. Also called genotype-environment covariance. |
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-picking: Tendency of a person, especially after early childhood, to seek out environments compatible with his or her genotype. |
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environmental effects: The unique environment in which each child grows up, consisting of dissimilar influences or influences that affect each child differently. |
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obesity: Extreme overweight in relation to age, sex, height, and body type; sometimes defined as having a (weight-for-height) at or above the 85th percentile of growth curves for children of the same age and sex. |
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autism: One of a group of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) of the brain that develops within the first 2½ years and is characterized by lack of sociability, impaired , and a narrow range of repetitive, often obsessive behaviors. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education