 |  A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 9/e Diane E. Papalia,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman
Pregnancy and Prenatal Development
Learning Objectives
LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 4, you should be able to do
the following.
Tell how the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles apply to prenatal
development, and give examples.
Summarize the development that occurs during the germinal stage.
Define the following terms: blastocyst, embryonic disk, ectoderm, endoderm,
mesoderm, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic sac, and trophoblast.
Identify three functions of the placenta.
Explain why the embryonic stage is considered a critical period.
Summarize the development that occurs during the embryonic stage.
Explain why some pregnancies terminate in spontaneous abortion, what
factors increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, and what complications
may occur.
Give three possible reasons why males are more vulnerable during the
prenatal period and throughout life.
Summarize the development that takes place during the fetal stage.
10. Describe the fetal environment and explain how it affects fetal activity
and development.
Discuss individual and gender differences in fetal activity and temperament.
Summarize findings about fetal sensory and cognitive abilities.
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| | | LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IIAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 4, you should be able to do
the following.
Tell how researchers study prenatal hazards.
Discuss factors to be weighed in considering the issue of fetal rights.
Identify factors in good nutrition during pregnancy, and assess the
value of dietary supplements.
Summarize expert recommendations regarding exercise during pregnancy.
Explain how drug intake during pregnancy can harm an embryo or fetus,
and discuss effects of medical drugs, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, marijuana,
opiates, and cocaine.
Tell how a fetus can contract HIV infection from the mother and how
transmission can be prevented, and discuss the prospects for children born
with HIV.
Name at least three other illnesses that can be passed from mother to
fetus and describe their consequences.
Assess the risks of complications for expectant mothers over the age
of 30.
Identify prenatal risks involved in exposure to industrial chemicals,
lead contamination, and radiation.
Identify several ways in which a man can contribute to the risk of
birth defects in his child.
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| | | LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SECTION IIIAfter reading and reviewing this section of Chapter 4, you should be able to
do the following.
List eight advances in prenatal assessment and care that seem likely
to occur or continue during the twenty-first century?
List and describe seven techniques for prenatal diagnosis of defects
of abnormalities.
List three techniques for correcting fetal disorders.
Discuss the importance of early prenatal care.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education