Robert S. Feldman,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| background stressors ("daily hassles") | Everyday annoyances, such as being stuck in traffic, that cause minor irritations that can have long-term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events
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| cataclysmic events | Strong stressors that occur suddenly, affecting many people at once (e.g., natural disasters) cataclysmic_events (138.0K)
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| coping | Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
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| defense mechanisms | Unconscious strategies people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source of the anxiety from themselves and others
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| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | A theory developed by Selye that suggests that a person's response to stress consists of three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion
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| hardiness | A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness, consisting of three components: commitment, challenge, and control
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| health psychology | The branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems
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| learned helplessness | A state in which people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled-a view of the world that becomes so ingrained that they cease trying to remedy their aversive circumstances, even if they actually could exert some influence on them
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| personal stressors | Major life events, such as the death of a family member, that have immediate negative consequences that usually fade with time
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| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | A phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes reexperience the original stress event and associated feelings in vivid flashbacks or dreams
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| psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | The study of the relationships among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brainpsychoneuroimmunology (191.0K)
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| psychophysiological disorders | Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficultiespsychophysiological (176.0K)
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| reactance | A negative emotional and cognitive reaction to a restriction of one's freedom that can be associated with medical regimens
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| social support | A mutual network of caring, interested others
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| stress | The response to events that are threatening or challenging
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| subjective well-being | People's evaluations of their lives in terms of both their thoughts and their emotions; how happy people are
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| Type A behavior pattern | A pattern of behavior characterized by competitiveness, impatience, tendency toward frustration, and hostility
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| Type B behavior pattern | A pattern of behavior characterized by cooperation, patience, noncompetitiveness, and nonaggression
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| uplifts | Minor positive events that make one feel good
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education