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1 | |
______________ is the manipulation of mental representations of information. |
| | A) | Insight |
| | B) | Thinking |
| | C) | Language |
| | D) | Use of algorithms |
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2 | |
Wolfgang Kohler's classic experiment, where he exposed chimps to challenging situations, is an impressive display of |
| | A) | mental set. |
| | B) | syllogistic reasoning. |
| | C) | insight. |
| | D) | algorithms. |
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3 | |
A ______________ psychologist would study thinking, language, memory, reasoning, and decision-making. |
| | A) | health |
| | B) | school |
| | C) | developmental |
| | D) | cognitive |
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4 | |
What other words can be made from the letters in "PSYCHOLOGICAL"? This is a type of |
| | A) | arrangement problem. |
| | B) | transformation problem. |
| | C) | problem of inducing structure. |
| | D) | means-end analysis. |
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5 | |
Thinking of a fork as an eating utensil and not as a "back scratcher" is an example of |
| | A) | convergent thinking. |
| | B) | syllogistic thinking. |
| | C) | functional fixedness. |
| | D) | creativity. |
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6 | |
Confirmation bias occurs when |
| | A) | initial hypotheses are ignored. |
| | B) | initial hypotheses are favored over information supporting alternative solutions. |
| | C) | alternative solutions confirm initial hypotheses. |
| | D) | alternative solutions are accepted without confirmation. |
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7 | |
Phonemes are |
| | A) | arranged according to systematic rules. |
| | B) | the rules governing the meaning of words. |
| | C) | mental images. |
| | D) | the smallest basic sound units that affect the meaning of speech. |
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8 | |
Jesse stated, "I dranked all my milk." This is an example of |
| | A) | telegraphic speech. |
| | B) | babbling. |
| | C) | overgeneralization. |
| | D) | prototypical speech. |
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9 | |
You are asked the question, "How many windows are there in your parent's house"? To answer, you visualize the building and take a mental walk around it counting the windows. In achieving the answer you use a(n) |
| | A) | imaginary delusion. |
| | B) | precursor to perception. |
| | C) | mental image. |
| | D) | visual nondistractor. |
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10 | |
In problems of inducing structure, the goal is to |
| | A) | In problems of inducing structure, the goal is to |
| | B) | generate new elements in order to induce a new structure. |
| | C) | identify and extend relationships that exist among the elements. |
| | D) | impress others with your problem-solving skills. |
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11 | |
Which of the following theories espouse the idea that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning? |
| | A) | learning-theory approach |
| | B) | linguistic-relativity hypothesis |
| | C) | language-acquisition device |
| | D) | universal grammar |
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12 | |
Do animals use true language? |
| | A) | No. |
| | B) | Yes. |
| | C) | It has not been researched. |
| | D) | It has not been demonstrated conclusively. |
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13 | |
If expulsions from college were widely publicized in the college media, then ______________ would suggest that students would judge them to happen more often than they really do. |
| | A) | syllogistic reasoning |
| | B) | insight |
| | C) | the availability heuristic |
| | D) | functional fixedness |
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14 | |
Thinking about an object only in terms of its most typical use is called |
| | A) | mental set. |
| | B) | functional fixedness. |
| | C) | confirmation bias. |
| | D) | the availability heuristic. |
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15 | |
It was once claimed that arctic Eskimos thought deeply about snow because their language offers a rich vocabulary to describe it. If this were true, it would ______________ the linguistic-relativity hypothesis. |
| | A) | support |
| | B) | suggest a different theory than |
| | C) | be neutral towards |
| | D) | disconfirm |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education