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Black-hat hackers
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are hackers with malicious intent - they're cyber vandals.
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Computer virus
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is software that was written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage.
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Cookie
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is a small text file containing specific information about you that is stored on your computer's hard drive.
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Copyright
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protects an expression of an idea.
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Crackers
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are hackers who hack for profit.
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Denial of service (DoS) attacks
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cause thousands of access attempts to a Web site over a very short period of time, overloading the target site and shutting it down.
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Ethics
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is the set of principles and standards we use in deciding what to do in situations that affect other people.
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Fair Use Doctrine
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says that you may use copyrighted material in certain situations.
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Firewall
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is hardware and/or software that protects computers from intruders.
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Hackers
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are very knowledgeable computer users who use their knowledge to invade other people's computers.
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Hacktivists, or cyber terrorists
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are politically motivated hackers.
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Identity theft
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is the impersonation by a thief of someone with good credit.
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Macro viruses
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are viruses that spread by binding themselves to software like Word or Excel.
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Malware
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is malicious software that is designed by people to attack some part of a computer system.
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NCIC (National Crime Information Center)
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is a huge database with information on the criminal records of more than 20 million people.
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Netiquette
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is good manners or courtesy in cyberspace.
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Pirated software
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is copyrighted software that is copied and distributed without permission of the owner.
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Privacy
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is the right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal information, and not to be observed without your consent.
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Script bunnies or script kiddies
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are people who would like to be hackers but don't have much technical expertise.
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Sniffer
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is software that sits on the Internet analyzing traffic.
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Spam
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is electronic junk mail, i.e. unsolicited mail, usually from commercial businesses attempting to sell you products and services.
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Spoofing
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is forging the return address on an e-mail so that the e-mail message appears to come from someone other than the sender.
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Virus hoax
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is e-mail distributed with the intention of frightening people about a non-existent virus.
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White-hat hackers
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who follow a "hackers' code" and, while they break into computers they have no right to access, they often report the security leaks to the victims.
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Worm
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is a computer virus that spreads itself, not only from file to file, but from computer to computer via e-mail and other Internet traffic.
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education