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1

A solute is
A)usually the material present in the largest amount in a solution.
B)the material that dissolves in the solvent portion of a solution.
C)only dissolved in water.
D)a homogeneous mixture of ions of molecules of two or more substances.
2

Concentration of a gaseous solution is most accurately expressed as
A)ppm or ppb by weight.
B)ppm or ppb by volume.
C)percent by weight.
D)none of the answers is correct.
3

A saturated solution
A)occurs when there is disequilibrium between solute going in solution and solute coming out of solution.
B)occurs only when there is more solute coming out of solution than going in.
C)occurs only when there is more solute going into solution than coming out.
D)occurs when there is equilibrium between solute going into solution and solute coming out of solution.
4

Which of the following best describes the solubility of a material?
A)The maximal amount of material that can go into solution at any temperature.
B)The maximal amount of material that can go into solution at a particular temperature.
C)The average amount of material that can go into solution at a particular temperature.
D)A useless concept since all solutes have a different solubility.
5

The concentration of a toxicant in the Great Lakes was 17 ppm. What is the percent concentration of the toxicant?
A)0.17%
B)1.7%
C)0.017%
D)0.0017%
6

Why is a water molecule a polar molecule?
A)It contains an atom of oxygen covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
B)It possesses strong ionic bonds in one direction only.
C)Its bonded electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom leaving the hydrogen atoms as essentially exposed protons with positive charges.
D)It possesses strong ionic bonds, which give the water molecule polarity.
7

A hydrogen bond such as occurs between two polar molecules like water is
A)the force of attraction between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electrons around an atom of another molecule.
B)the general term for weak attractive forces between two molecules.
C)the sharing of electrons between two nonmetallic atoms.
D)the donating of an electron from a metallic atom to a nonmetallic atom.
8

Why does ice, the solid form of water, float?
A)It floats because of its high latent heat of freezing.
B)It floats because it is less dense than water because of the open spaces between molecules produced by its hexagonal structure.
C)It floats because water has stronger hydrogen bonding than ice.
D)Water has 15% more hydrogen bonding than does ice.
9

When forming solutions, what is meant by the phrase "like dissolves like?"
A)It means that substances with a similar molecular weight to the solvent will dissolve most readily.
B)It means that if the solvent and solute are both in the same phase (i.e., both liquids), they will dissolve most readily.
C)It means that polar solutes will dissolve most readily in polar solvents and nonpolar solutes will dissolve most readily in nonpolar solvents.
D)All of the answers are correct.
10

Which of the following describes an electrolyte?
A)Electrolytes are covalent compounds in solution.
B)Electrolytes are nonconductors.
C)Electrolytes are never ionized.
D)Electrolytes are solutions of ionic substances.
11

Which of the following contaminates of U.S. drinking water is not considered a widespread danger?
A)lead
B)bacteria and viruses
C)PCBs
D)mercury
12

How do solutes affect the boiling point of solvents?
A)The attractive forces between the solute and solvent prevent the solvent's escape into the atmosphere so the boiling point of a solution is higher.
B)There are relatively fewer solvent molecules in a solution so their vapor pressure is less and boiling doesn't occur until the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.
C)The presence of a solute actually has no effect on the boiling point of the solvent.
D)Increasing the concentration of solute decreases the boiling point.
13

Which of the following solutes will increase the boiling point of a liter of water the most?
A)one mole of sugar
B)one mole of starch
C)one mole of sodium chloride (salt)
D)all answers produce the same increase in boiling point
14

Why is the salinity of seawater increased when it freezes?
A)The ice that is formed is essentially pure water so there is less water in solution.
B)Because solutes lower the freezing point of water.
C)Because seawater does not have a fixed freezing point.
D)The kinetic energy of the water molecules is transferred to the solute when the water freezes.
15

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid dissolved in water?
A)acids have a bitter taste
B)acids turn red litmus paper blue
C)acids feel slippery to the touch
D)acids release hydrogen gas when they react with active metals
16

The modern definition of an acid is any substance
A)containing oxygen.
B)that ionizes completely releasing hydrogen ions.
C)that releases hydroxide ions.
D)that is a proton donor.
17

A strong base is
A)completely ionized and contains hydronium ions.
B)completely ionized and contains hydroxide ions.
C)incompletely ionized.
D)completely ionized and donates protons.
18

The pH scale depicts
A)the relative strength of an acid or base.
B)the ionization of water.
C)the hydrogen ion concentration via a logarithmic scale.
D)all of the answers are correct.
19

Which of the following has a pH that would be considered basic?
A)milk
B)vinegar
C)blood
D)potatoes
20

Salts are
A)ionic compounds that contain oxide ions.
B)produced by a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
C)not important in biological systems because all they are able to do is alter the boiling and freezing points of water.
D)any ionic compound that contains hydroxide ions.
21

A mineral that produces soft water
A)will make it difficult for soap to lather.
B)will remove calcium and magnesium ions.
C)is calcium.
D)is magnesium.
22

Acid rain
A)is nothing to be upset about because rain normally has an acidic pH because it contains dissolved carbon dioxide.
B)occurs only where there is considerable pollution.
C)is most important environmentally in the Pacific northwest.
D)occurs when nitrogen oxides undergo gas-phase reactions producing nitric acid.
23

Which one of the following will conduct an electric current?
A)pure water
B)alcohol
C)water with dissolved table salt
D)water with dissolved sugar
24

Which of the following has a pH that would be considered the strongest acid?
A)acid rain
B)vinegar
C)lemon juice
D)ammonia
25

To make hard water soft a water softener must
A)ionize the water.
B)get rid of free calcium and magnesium ions.
C)remove all minerals from the water.
D)use copper pipes.





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