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Multiple Choice
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1

The oldest organisms so far lived approximately_____ years ago.
A)1 million
B)1 billion
C)2 billion
D)3.5 billion
2

Some scientists hypothesize that the first genetic material was not DNA, but rather
A)ribosomes.
B)mitochondria.
C)RNA.
D)proteins.
3

Although there is considerable disagreement among biologist about the origin of life on earth, there would be general agreement that the first
A)living things were similar to present day prokaryotic organisms.
B)organism was a heterotroph.
C)organism was an autotroph.
D)organism arrived on a meteorite.
4

Scientists hypothesize that our current oxidizing atmosphere arose due to _____ by primitive organisms.
A)respiration
B)photosynthesis
C)evolution
D)an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide produced
5

Scientists agree that all primitive life on earth was
A)autotrophic.
B)heterotrophic.
C)aerobic.
D)anaerobic.
6

Organisms from which domain are typically found in extreme environments?
A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Eucarya
D)Extremophiles
7

The endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells theorizes that
A)photosynthesis evolved through the union of two prokaryotic cells.
B)prokaryotic cells evolved as a symbiosis of two or more eukaryotic cells.
C)eukaryotic cells predated prokaryotic cells by several billion years.
D)eukaryotic cells evolved as a symbiosis of two or more prokaryotic cells.
8

Which of the following organelles in eukaryotic cells were thought to once have been a free-living prokaryote?
A)chloroplast
B)nucleus
C)ribosome
D)all of the above
9

Evolution operates on
A)cells.
B)organisms.
C)populations.
D)communities.
10

Most observable genetic mutations are
A)beneficial.
B)harmful.
C)neutral.
D)likely to become common in the population.
11

The mixing of genes that occurs during sexual reproduction is termed
A)mutation.
B)evolution.
C)natural selection.
D)genetic recombination.
12

Which of the following is not an acquired characteristic?
A)an intimate knowledge of algebra
B)a tan
C)blue eyes
D)increased muscle mass from weightlifting
13

Which of the following statements about peppered moths in England is false? The selecting agent
A)is predation by birds.
B)is tree color.
C)is the color of the moths.
D)has increased the total population of moths.
14

Which of the following would be a geographic barrier to reproduction between two potentially interbreeding populations?
A)breed at different times of year
B)populations are separated by an uncrossable river
C)each population has a unique mating "dance"
D)one population mates in grasslands, and the other in forests
15

Which of the following advanced a theory of evolution based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
A)Alfred Wallace
B)Charles Darwin
C)Georges-Louis Buffon
D)Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
16

Evidence from the study of fossils and the rocks they are found in suggests that oxygen was present in the atmosphere at about 2 billion years ago. This means that
A)eukaryotes were present two billion years ago.
B)after 2 billion years ago the amount of ultraviolet light arriving on earth would have been less.
C)aerobic respiration would have been common prior to 2 billion years ago.
D)plants were present 2 billion years ago.
17

Which of the following pairs of organisms are the most closely related�have the most structural and biochemical similarities?
A)Archaea and Eubacteria
B)Eubacteria and Eucarya
C)plants and animals
D)Archaea and Eucarya
18

New genes enter a species as a result of
A)sexual reproduction.
B)acquired characteristics.
C)mutations.
D)all of the above.
19

New species are thought to originate
A)from mutations that introduce new genes into the population.
B)from sexual reproduction which mixes up the genes and provides new combinations that didn't exist previously.
C)from isolation of two parts of a population so that the two portions do not interbreed.
D)all of the above are true
20

Within a population of white oak trees, tree A produces many seeds while tree B produces few. However, the survival of the seedlings of the two trees is similar. Therefore,
A)the genes of tree A will become more common in future generations.
B)evolution is not occurring.
C)tree B will die before tree A.
D)natural selection favors tree B.
21

Which one of the following statements about evolution is true?
A)Evolution occurred in the past but is not occurring today.
B)Individual organisms evolve but populations do not.
C)Natural selection is the process that causes evolution.
D)The environment of the earth has changed little in the past several million years.
22

Two groups of organisms are often identified as different species by
A)determining how different their DNA is.
B)determining if the two groups can interbreed.
C)comparing the anatomical structures the two groups possess.
D)all of the above are used.
23

Wolves and dogs have been determined to be the same species because
A)they look similar.
B)they can interbreed and their offspring can breed as well.
C)their DNA is similar.
D)they have similar behaviors.
24

Who, along with Charles Darwin, proposed the process of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution?
A)Alfred Wallace
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Georges-Louis Buffon
D)Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
25

Which one of the following statements about our level of understanding about the evolution of a particular group of organisms is true?
A)We typically are able to determine which fossil species gave rise to which modern species.
B)As new discoveries are made we will change our mind about how a particular species evolved.
C)We can often point to examples of current species that were the ancestors of other current species.
D)Species change in predictable ways to reach a particular desired outcome.





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