Chapter Outline

STUDYING MEMORY SYSTEMS

INFORMATION-PROCESSING APPROACH: SOFTWARE OF MEMORY

• Processes: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
• "Storehouses": Sensory Short-Term and Long-Term
• Aging and Long-Term Memory: Stability or Decline?
• Summing Up: Memory and Age

BIOLOGICAL APPROACH: HARDWARE OF MEMORY

• Structures Controlling Conscious Memory
• Structure Controlling Unconscious Memory

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH

ASPECTS OF MEMORY AND FORGETTING IN ADULTHOOD

• Intrusion Errors: Remembering What Did Not Happen
• Prospective Memory: Remembering To Do Something
• Production Deficiencies in Strategies for Remembering
• Metamemory: The View from Within
• Mnemonics: Making the Most of Changing Memory
• Forgetting and Its Surprising Benefits