In each of the following situations, describe how the individuals can be more scientific in their approach to gaining information or decision-making. Choose from characteristics that differentiate scientific and nonscientific (everyday) approaches to gaining knowledge: general approach, observation, reporting, concepts, instruments, measurement, hypotheses, and attitude.

1		Lucy and Ethel are new roommates in a dorm. As they get to know each other, Lucy tells Ethel she is depressed about her long-distance relationship and misses her boyfriend. Ethel, a psychology major, is concerned that Lucy may do something to harm herself and tells everything she knows about Lucy to the Resident Assistant. Lucy is furious with Ethel for breaking her confidence; she says that she isn’t depressed - just “bummed out” as anyone in her situation would be.
2		Both Rob and Laura take medications to control their high blood pressure. In order to monitor their health, they purchase a simple digital blood pressure device after seeing it advertised on late night TV. Each day after breakfast, they measure their blood pressure and find that it is usually within normal limits. However, at their next medical checkup, their doctor tells them that their blood pressure continues to remain high. They express their surprise to the doctor, who says he trusts the clinic’s blood pressure equipment.
3		Sitting around the lounge in their dorm one evening, several students begin discussing why some individuals cheat on their relationship partners and others don’t. Although they all have their own ideas, everyone in the group agrees on one basic cause: individuals who cheat on their partners are just dishonest.
4		Peter, Dan, John, and Brandon have been friends for a long time. However, while sitting around talking one evening, Peter, Dan, and John notice that Brandon (who is not there) rarely hangs out with them anymore. They decide he must not be interested in being friends with them anymore and drop him from their little group.