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1 | |
Human fertilization typically occurs in the: |
| | A) | ovary. |
| | B) | fallopian tube. |
| | C) | uterus. |
| | D) | vaginal canal. |
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2 | |
A fertilized ovum is called: |
| | A) | a zygote. |
| | B) | a blastocyst. |
| | C) | an egg. |
| | D) | an embryo. |
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3 | |
The period of prenatal development that occurs in the first two weeks after conception is called the ________ period. |
| | A) | fetal |
| | B) | germinal |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | blastocystic |
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4 | |
Which of the following events does NOT occur during the embryonic period? |
| | A) | rate of cell differentiation intensifies |
| | B) | support systems for the cells form |
| | C) | organs appear |
| | D) | finger nails and toe nails form |
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5 | |
A skin defect might be traced to an initial problem with the embryo's __________ cells. |
| | A) | mesoderm |
| | B) | ectoderm |
| | C) | microderm |
| | D) | endoderm |
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6 | |
How does the placenta/umbilical cord life-support system prevent harmful bacteria from invading a fetus? |
| | A) | Most bacteria are too large to pass through the placental wall. |
| | B) | Bacteria become trapped in the maze of the umbilical cord's blood vessels. |
| | C) | The placenta generates antibodies that attack and destroy the bacteria. |
| | D) | No one understands how the placenta keeps bacteria out. |
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7 | |
During the second trimester, the amniotic sac is filled mainly with: |
| | A) | blood. |
| | B) | mucus. |
| | C) | urine. |
| | D) | air. |
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8 | |
Organogenesis takes place during which stage of development? |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | zygotic |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | fetal |
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9 | |
During which stage of development can the unborn baby's genitals be identified as male or female? |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | zygotic |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | fetal |
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10 | |
What is the first time a fetus has a chance of surviving outside the womb? |
| | A) | three months |
| | B) | five months |
| | C) | seven months |
| | D) | eight and a half months |
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11 | |
Which phrase best defines a teratogen? |
| | A) | a life-support system that protects the fetus |
| | B) | an agent that stimulates the formation of organs |
| | C) | an abnormality of infants in alcoholic mothers |
| | D) | an agent that produces birth defects |
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12 | |
The severity of the damage and the type of defect that occurs from a teratogen is influenced by all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | location of the teratogenic agent. |
| | B) | dose of the teratogenic agent. |
| | C) | time of exposure. |
| | D) | genetic susceptibility. |
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13 | |
In general, the unborn child is more vulnerable to teratogens during the __________ period. |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | zygotic |
| | C) | embryonic |
| | D) | fetal |
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14 | |
A disorder that is 100% preventable, in which children are born with facial deformities; defective limbs, face, and heart; below-average intelligence; and possible mental retardation is: |
| | A) | Down syndrome. |
| | B) | fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). |
| | C) | sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). |
| | D) | toxoplasmosis. |
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15 | |
To be absolutely sure that there will be no negative effects on the fetus, what does the text suggest in terms of guidelines for alcohol use during pregnancy? |
| | A) | no more than one 4-ounce glass of wine a day; no other alcoholic beverages |
| | B) | no more than one 4-ounce glass of any alcoholic beverage a day |
| | C) | no more than three 4-ounce glasses of wine or one 4-ounce glass of other alcoholic beverage a day |
| | D) | no alcohol during pregnancy |
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16 | |
A common characteristic of babies born to women who smoke cigarettes during their pregnancies is: |
| | A) | a missing limb. |
| | B) | facial deformities and below-average intelligence. |
| | C) | restlessness and irritability. |
| | D) | preterm delivery and lower birthweights. |
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17 | |
When a woman has a negative Rh factor in her blood, her partner has a positive Rh factor, and the fetus's blood is Rh positive: |
| | A) | antibodies in the mother provide the fetus with extra immune substances that most other children do not have. |
| | B) | antibodies in the mother may attack the fetus, resulting in miscarriage, anemia, heart defects, brain damage, or death soon after birth. |
| | C) | the first pregnancy will be at-risk, but by subsequent pregnancies the mother will have developed antibodies to protect the fetus. |
| | D) | the mother will need to have a blood transfusion after each Rh positive child is born. |
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18 | |
All of the following are environmental hazards to prenatal development, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | radiation. |
| | B) | PCBs. |
| | C) | NSAIDs. |
| | D) | prolonged exposure to heat. |
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19 | |
Maternal diseases or infections can produce defects in the baby by: |
| | A) | lowering the mother's immune system. |
| | B) | crossing the placental barrier. |
| | C) | interfering with delivery of nutrients. |
| | D) | reducing the amount of oxygen flowing to the baby. |
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20 | |
A mother with AIDS can infect her baby in each of the following ways, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | in conception through mutated genes. |
| | B) | during gestation across the placenta. |
| | C) | during delivery through contact with maternal blood or fluids. |
| | D) | postpartum through breastfeeding. |
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21 | |
Researchers believe that maternal stress may lead to birth defects by: |
| | A) | reducing the amount of oxygen received by the fetus. |
| | B) | increasing the mother's susceptibility to viruses. |
| | C) | reducing the likelihood of a good placenta-to-uterus connection. |
| | D) | increasing the likelihood of an unusual chromosome split during meiosis. |
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22 | |
Men's exposure to lead, radiation, pesticides, and petrochemicals may lead to: |
| | A) | lower-birthweight babies. |
| | B) | mental retardation. |
| | C) | diseases such as childhood cancer. |
| | D) | hyperactivity. |
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23 | |
With regard to prenatal development, Santrock suggests that it is important to: |
| | A) | keep in mind that for most pregnancies, prenatal development does not go awry. |
| | B) | be constantly vigilant to avoid any and all types of behaviors or environments that could harm the unborn child. |
| | C) | take a somewhat negative perspective of potential problems in order to avoid any harm to the unborn child. |
| | D) | take the most positive perspective possible and minimize any concerns about potential problems in order to avoid harm to the unborn child. |
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24 | |
Raul and Elena learn that Elena is pregnant. Their physician is most likely to tell them that their "due date": |
| | A) | is calculated according to the first date of Elena's last menstrual period. |
| | B) | cannot be calculated because they are not sure when the baby was conceived. |
| | C) | is calculated according to the first time they had sexual intercourse after Elena's last menstrual period. |
| | D) | has a one-month range, depending on when the baby was conceived. |
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25 | |
The period during which the expectant mother is most likely to experience the greatest amount of nausea is the: |
| | A) | first trimester. |
| | B) | second trimester. |
| | C) | third trimester. |
| | D) | entire period of pregnancy. |
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26 | |
Maternal weight gains that are associated with the best reproductive outcomes are: |
| | A) | 10 to 20 pounds. |
| | B) | 25 to 35 pounds. |
| | C) | 30 to 45 pounds. |
| | D) | 35 to 60 pounds. |
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27 | |
Which of the following is NOT recommended during the latter part of pregnancy? |
| | A) | yoga |
| | B) | swimming |
| | C) | jogging |
| | D) | bicycling |
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28 | |
Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise during pregnancy? |
| | A) | Exercise helps prevent constipation. |
| | B) | Exercise conditions the body. |
| | C) | Exercise can present major risk factors for most pregnant women. |
| | D) | Exercise is associated with a positive mental state. |
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29 | |
The high incidence of low-birthweight occurrence in the United States is explained by all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | pregnant women in the United States do not receive the uniform prenatal care that women in other countries receive. |
| | B) | the United States lacks a national health care policy to assure high-quality assistance for pregnant women. |
| | C) | more than 25 percent of American women of prime childbearing age do not have insurance to cover hospital costs. |
| | D) | the quality of care provided by medical practitioners in the United States is substandard. |
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30 | |
With respect to cultural beliefs about pregnancy, health care providers should: |
| | A) | explain to the expectant mother that these practices are likely to harm her child. |
| | B) | accept them, because to change the mother's belief system is likely to cause more harm than good. |
| | C) | assess which practices may pose a threat to the expectant mother and fetus. |
| | D) | have an indigenous healer assist with the delivery. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education