 |
| 1 | |
Targets of the autonomic nervous system include all of the following except |
| | A) | cardiac muscle. |
| | B) | exocrine glands. |
| | C) | skeletal muscle. |
| | D) | endocrine glands. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Somatic motor neurons have cell bodies located ____ the CNS that project axons only to ____; and are usually under ____ control. |
| | A) | outside; skeletal muscle; involuntary |
| | B) | inside; the viscera; voluntary |
| | C) | inside; the viscera; involuntary |
| | D) | inside; skeletal muscle; voluntary |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Which of the following statements does not describe denervation hypersensitivity? |
| | A) | Autonomic target tissues become more sensitive than normal to stimulating agents. |
| | B) | Skeletal muscle effectors enter a state of flaccid paralysis and undergo atrophy. |
| | C) | Severing (cutting) autonomic motor neurons may stimulate denervation hypersenstitivity. |
| | D) | One example is restoring the secretion of acid from the stomach following vagotomy (severing the vagus nerve). |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Which statement regarding autonomic parasympathetic neurons is true? |
| | A) | They are usually activated as a single unit (mass activation). |
| | B) | They emerge from the brain and sacral regions. |
| | C) | They form white rami communicantes fibers. |
| | D) | They may have ganglia located along the spinal cord. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Which of the following ganglia is not a collateral (prevertebral) ganglion? |
| | A) | celiac |
| | B) | superior mesenteric |
| | C) | inferior mesenteric |
| | D) | cervical |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following is innervated by postganglionic fibers arising from the cervical ganglia? |
| | A) | The eyes. |
| | B) | The digestive system. |
| | C) | The urinary system. |
| | D) | The reproductive system. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Which of the following statements about parasympathetic neurons is true? |
| | A) | The nerve fibers are contained in spinal nerves. |
| | B) | They synapse in terminal ganglia, either next to or within the organs innervated. |
| | C) | They originate in thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. |
| | D) | Postganglionic fibers are usually longer than those of sympathetic neurons. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following cranial nerves does not contain preganglionic parasympathetic fibers? |
| | A) | oculomotor (III) |
| | B) | facial (VII) |
| | C) | optic (II) |
| | D) | glossopharyngeal (IX) |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The very long cranial nerve that originates from nuclei in the medulla oblongata and projects preganglionic fibers through the neck to the thoracic and abdominal cavities, is the _____ nerve. |
| | A) | optic (II) |
| | B) | oculomotor (III) |
| | C) | facial (VII) |
| | D) | vagus (X) |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Which neuron does releases a catecholamine as a neurotransmitter? |
| | A) | Preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| | B) | Postganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| | C) | Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
| | D) | Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Catecholamines are derived from |
| | A) | acetylcholine. |
| | B) | tyrosine. |
| | C) | tryptophan. |
| | D) | epinephrine. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The drug muscarine, derived form some poisonous mushrooms stimulates all of the following cholinergic receptors, except those receptors in the |
| | A) | heart. |
| | B) | neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fibers. |
| | C) | digestive system. |
| | D) | most target organs of postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
The drug that should aid the suffering of asthmatics by serving as a selective β2 agonist, resulting in dilation of the airways in the lung, is |
| | A) | terbutaline |
| | B) | atenolol |
| | C) | phenylephrine |
| | D) | clonidine |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
If cocaine blocks the reuptake of catecholamines it would be considered a |
| | A) | sympathetic agonist. |
| | B) | sympathetic antagonist. |
| | C) | sympathetic neurotransmitter. |
| | D) | parasympathetic agonist. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
All of the following molecules are considered "nonadrenergic noncholinergic" neurotransmitters produced by postganglionic autonomic axons, except |
| | A) | adenosine triphosphate. |
| | B) | acetylcholine. |
| | C) | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| | D) | nitric oxide. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
The separate effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the pacemaker region of the heart can best be described as |
| | A) | antagonistic. |
| | B) | complementary. |
| | C) | cooperative. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation on the urinary and reproductive systems, causing the male erection and ejaculation for example, are called |
| | A) | antagonistic. |
| | B) | complementary. |
| | C) | cooperative. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands, producing a thicker, more viscous saliva, are called |
| | A) | antagonistic. |
| | B) | complementary. |
| | C) | cooperative. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which of the following target tissues is innervated by only neurons from the sympathetic nervous system? |
| | A) | adrenal medulla |
| | B) | lacrimal glands |
| | C) | bronchioles |
| | D) | iris of the eye |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
The brain area that most directly controls the activity of the autonomic nervous system, is the |
| | A) | medulla oblongata. |
| | B) | pituitary gland. |
| | C) | cerebellum. |
| | D) | hypothalamus. |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Which system is not regulated by a center in the medulla oblongata? |
| | A) | The cardiovascular system |
| | B) | The respiratory system |
| | C) | The immune system |
| | D) | The digestive system |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
The hypothalamus does not contain a control center for the homeostatic regulation of |
| | A) | body temperature. |
| | B) | various emotional states. |
| | C) | urinary bladder reflexes. |
| | D) | eating. |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
In general, parasympathetic activation will produce effects that are __________ to those produced by activation of sympathetic neurons. |
| | A) | similar, agonistic |
| | B) | opposite, antagonistic |
| | C) | complimentary |
| | D) | synergistic |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
When the parasympathetic system is stimulated, what neurotransmitter is released at the effector organ? |
| | A) | acetylcholine |
| | B) | norepinephrine |
| | C) | epinephrine |
| | D) | dopamine |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Which of the following statements is true for preganglionic neurons of the SANS? |
| | A) | They are relatively long. |
| | B) | They exit from the T2-L2 region of the spinal cord. |
| | C) | They release epinephrine. |
| | D) | They synapse at the effector organ. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
When a preganglionic neuron innervates several postganglionic neurons, it is called: |
| | A) | divergence |
| | B) | convergence |
| | C) | cerebral lateralization |
| | D) | dual innervation |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
Which of the following target tissues receive acetylcholine when the sympathetic division is stimulated? |
| | A) | sweat glands |
| | B) | salivary glands |
| | C) | smooth muscle of the GI tract |
| | D) | heart |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Which of the following target tissues does not receive dual innervation? |
| | A) | lung |
| | B) | adrenal medulla |
| | C) | heart |
| | D) | small intestine |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
The "fight or flight" response is the term used to describe activation of the ____. |
| | A) | ANS |
| | B) | CNS |
| | C) | PANS |
| | D) | SANS |
|
|
.