| cephalo-caudal development | The developmental pattern of human beings that proceeds in a head-to-foot direction.
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| concrete operations | A cognitive stage described by Jean Piaget during which young children (ages seven through eleven) can use what Piaget calls "mental operations" to reason about the concrete world. At this stage, children are not yet capable of purely abstract thinking that involves taking variables into account or coming up with propositions.
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| object permanence | A cognitive milestone described by Jean Piaget that occurs in later infancy, when babies develop the understanding that objects and people continue to exist when they can't be seen.
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| proximal-distal development | The developmental pattern of human beings that progresses from the middle of the body out to the extremities.
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| readiness approach | An approach to the education of young children that focuses on preparing children for kindergarten with an emphasis on reading-readiness skills. Its major drawback is that it focuses on teaching disconnected skills that have no meaning for the child in the here and now.
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| sensorimotor cognition | A cognitive stage described by Jean Piaget that occurs from birth to age two. During this stage, children's cognition develops through movement and sensory exploration of the physical world.
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